This volume covers several aspects of the Acarology as presented at The Fourth Symposium of the European Acarologists held in Siena, Italy, July 24-28, 2000. The meeting addressed the direction of today's research, as well as highlighted the challenges of this scientific field. On the basis of the presentations and invited papers, there is evidence of a "new" Acarology based on modern techniques and methods of investigations. It also demonstrated the importance of the "classical" Acarology, based on the alpha taxonomy and original studies. The Proceedings include selected original works on taxonomy, systematics, phynology, molecular biology, genetics, ecology (relationships between Acari and their plant/animal host), life strategies, morphology (reproductive anatomy, sperm transfer, structure and functioning of various organs of Acari), physiology, control and behaviour of mites and ticks.
Preface. Presidential address; F. Bernini. As time goes by: a profile of Italian Acarology; S. Ragusa. Phylogeny, Genetics and Speciation. Mites as models in development and genetics; R.H. Thomas. Speciation and biogeography in eriophyid mites: a review; B. Fenton. Mitochondrial DNA variation and phylogeography of Steganacarus on Tenerife (Canary Islands); N. Salomone, F. Bernini. Preliminary report on fossil oribatid mites from the Florisbad Quaternary Research Station, South Africa; L. Coetzee. An Early Ordovician oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) from the island of Oland, Sweden; F. Bernini, et al. Genetic Polymorphism in prey preference at a small spatial scale: a case study of soil predatory mites (Hypoaspis aculeifer) and two species of astigmatic mites as prey; I. Lesna, M.W. Sabelis. Experimental hybridization of Rhizoglyphus robini and R. echinopus (Acari: Acaridae). Morphology, Life Strategies and Physiology. Water Inhabiting Mites. The water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) of a little disturbed forest stream in southwest Germany -- a study on seasonality and habitat preference, with remarks on diversity patterns in different geographical areas; R. Gerecke. The biodiversity of Neotropical water mites; T. Goldschmidt. Life history strategies of Hygrobates nigromaculatus, a widespread palaearctic water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae); P. Martin, C. Davids. The impact of human activity on the water mite fauna (Acari, Hydrachnidia) of the `Lasy Janowskie' Landscape Park (South-Eastern Poland); R. Stryjecki. The occurrence of water mites (Hydrachnidia, Acari) in saline waters from a stone coal-mine in Bogdanka (South-Eastern Poland); W. Kowalik. Soil Inhabiting Mites. Reproductive systems of gamasid mites (Acari, Anactinotrichida) reconsidered; G. Alberti. Morphological variability between and within populations of Tectocepheus (Acari, Oribatida, Tectocepheidae) from the velatus-complex in central Europe; G. Weigmann. Endogynium types in Parasitidae as revealed by SEM (Acari: Gamasida: Parasitina); W. Witalinski, K. Borsuk. Colonization of primary sterile soils by epedaphic gamasina mites; A. Christian. Colonization of a dolomitic dump by mesostigmatid mites (Acari, Mesostigmata); G. Madej, P. Skubala. Zoogeographical survey on the Phthiracaroidea (Acari, Oribatida) of the Ethopian region; W. Niedbala. The occurrence of Macrocheles mites (Acari: Macrochelidae) in relation to the activity of dung beetles: a field study in Southern France; H. Glida, M. Bertrand. Development of oribatid mite communities (Acari, Oribatida) on a mine dump; P. Skubala. Parasitic Mites. Three-dimensional structure of the gut system of the mites Ameronothrus lineatus (Oribatida: Ameronothridae) and Hyadesia fusca (Astigmata: Hyadesiidae); J. Bucking. Ultrastructural investigations of Haller's organ in Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabr.) (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae); A. Buczek, et al. Morphologic adaptations to parasitism on reptiles: Pterygosomatidae (Prostigmata: Raphignathina); M. Bertrand. Plant Inhabiting Mites. Fine Structure of the phytoseiid-type sperm access system (Acari, Gamasida, Phytoseiidae); G. Alberti, A. Di Palma. Fine morphology of the bothridial receptor organs of Pediculaster mesembrinae (Acari: Siteroptidae) adult female; E. de Lillo, P. Aldini. Fine structure of a putative pedipalpal thermo/hygrosensillum in Tarsonemus nodosus Schaarschmidt, 1959 (Acari: Tarsonemidae); G. Nuzzaci, et al. Mouthparts of Tarsonemus nodosus Schaarschmidt, 1959 (Acari: Tarsonemidae): fine structure and functional morphology; G. Nuzzaci, et al. Applied Acarology: Agricultural and Ecological Aspects. Some future prospects in Agricultural Acarology, with focus on phytoseiid mites -- host plant relationships; S. Kreiter, M.-S. Tixier. Mite communities on linden trees (Tilia sp.) in an urban environment; D. Kropczynska, et al. Effect of prey density on functional and numerical responses of the predatory mite Typhlodromus negevi (Acari: Phytoseiidae); A.H. Rasmy, G.M. Abou-Elella. Dietary influence on life history and predation of the phytoseiid mite, Amblyseius deleoni (Acari: Phytoseiidae); A.H. Rasmy, et al. Dispersion of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) on grapevines and hazelnut near apples and peaches in the province of Caserta (Southern Italy); M. Nicotina, E. Cioffi. How can molecular data contribute to the analysis of the colonization of vineyards by Kampimodromus aberrans (Acari: Phytoseiidae); M.-S. Tixier, et al. Interspecific predation and cannibalism in four phytoseiid species of the Mediterranean area (Acari: Phytoseiidae); M. Castagnoli, et al. Effects of Neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acariformes, Tetranychidae) in laboratory tests; H. Tsolakis, et al. Influence of different types of grass mulching on the communities of Oribatid mites in the vineyards; R. Nannelli, S. Simoni. Phytoseiid mites -- pollen relationships: observations in a vineyard and the surrounding vegetation; C. Duso, et al. Influence of carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd. (Acarida: Tetranychidae) feeding on ethylene production and the activity of oxidative enzymes in damaged tomato plants; M. Kielkiewicz. Changes in the content of soluble sugars in leaves of cucumber plant infested with Tetranychus urticae Koch and treated with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); A. Tomczyk. Applied Acarology: Medical and Veterinary Aspects. Adaptation of mites and ticks to parasitism. Medical and veterinary aspects; F. Dusbabek. Comparison of rabbit skin changes after feeding of Ixodes ricinus (L) and Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabr.); A. Buczek, et al. House-dust mite infestation in temporary prefabricated homes in Central Italy; A. Mansi, et al. Observations on the spread of Pyemotes ventricosus (Prostigmata: Pyemotidae) in houses in Umbria, Central Italy; M. Principato. Linden-leaf morphology and the host-plant susceptibility to Eotetranychus tiliarium (Hermann) (Acarida: Tetranychidae); B. Czajkowska, M. Kielkiewicz. In vitro effects of ivermectin on adult and developmental stages of two species of blood feeding arthropods; S.R. Allam, et al. Index.