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Data assimilation aims at determining as accurately as possible the state of a dynamical system by combining heterogeneous sources of information in an optimal way. Generally speaking, the mathematical methods of data assimilation describe algorithms for forming optimal combinations of observations of a system, a numerical model that describes its evolution, and appropriate prior information. Data assimilation has a long history of application to high-dimensional geophysical systems dating back to the 1960s, with application to the estimation of initial conditions for weather forecasts. It has become a major component of numerical forecasting systems in geophysics, and an intensive field of research, with numerous additional applications in oceanography, atmospheric chemistry, and extensions to other geophysical sciences. The physical complexity and the high dimensionality of geophysical systems have led the community of geophysics to make significant contributions to the fundamental theory of data assimilation.
Advanced Data Assimilation for Geosciences gathers notes from lectures and seminars given by internationally recognized scientists during a three-week school held in the Les Houches School of physics in 2012, on theoretical and applied data assimilation. It is composed of (i) a series of main lectures, presenting the fundamentals of the most commonly used methods, and the information theory background required to understand and evaluate the role of observations; (ii) a series of specialized lectures, addressing various aspects of data assimilation in detail, from the most recent developments of the theory to the specificities of various thematic applications.
PART I - KEY LECTURES
1: Olivier Talagrand: 4D-VAR: four dimensional variational assimilation
2: Andrew Lorenc: Four-dimensional variational data assimilation
3: Chris Snyder: Introduction to the Kalman filter
4: Emmanuel Cosme: Smoothers
5: Carla Cardinali: Observation influence diagnostic of a data assimilation system
6: Carla Cardinali: Observation impact on the short range forecast
PART II - SPECIALIZED LECTURES
7: Loïk Berre: Background error covariances: estimation and specification
8: Gérald Desroziers: Observation error specifications
9: Olivier Talagrand: Errors. A posteriori diagnostics
10: Peter Houtekamer: Error dynamics in ensemble Kalman filter systems: Localization
11: Peter Houtekamer: Short-range error statistics in an ensemble Kalman filter
12: Peter Houtekamer: Error dynamics in ensemble Kalman filter systems: System error
13: Peter Jan Van Leeuwen: Particle filters for the geosciences
14: Francois-Xavier Le Dimet, Igor Gejadze, and Victor Shutyaev: Second order methods for error propagation in variational data assimilation
15: Laurent Hascoët: Adjoints by automatic differentiation
16: Arthur Vidard: Assimilation of images
17: Laurent Debreu, Emilie Neveu, Ehouarn Simon, and Francois-Xavier Le Dimet: Multigrid algorithms and local mesh refinement methods in the context of variational data assimilation
18: Marc Bocquet, Lin Wu, Frédéric Chevallier, and Mohammad Reza Koohkan: Selected topics in multiscale data assimilation
19: Florence Rabier and Mike Fisher: Data assimilation in meteorology
20: Marc Bocquet: An introduction to inverse modelling and parameter estimation for atmospheric and oceanic sciences
21: Frédéric Chevallier: Greenhouse gas fluxes inversion
22: Hendrik Elbern, Elmar Friese, Lars Nieradzik, and Jörg Schwinger: Data assimilation in atmospheric chemistry and air quality
23: Ichiro Fukumori: Combining models and data in large-scale oceanography: examples from the consortium for Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO)
24: Javier Zavala-Garay, John Wilkin, and Julia Levin: Data assimilation in coastal oceanography: IS4DVAR in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)
25: Bertrand Bonan, Maëlle Nodet, Olivier Ozenda, and Catherine Ritz: Data assimilation in glaciology
Éric Blayo is a Professor in applied mathematics at the University of Grenoble. He is leading a research team working on the development of mathematical and numerical methods for environmental applications.
Marc Bocquet is a Professor and Senior Researcher at the environment research centre (CEREA), a joint laboratory of École des Ponts ParisTech and EDF R&D. He is working in the field of data assimilation in geosciences.
Emmanuel Cosme obtained his PhD in Earth Sciences at the University of Grenoble in 2002. Thereafter, he worked during 2 years on data assimilation for air quality in Canada, and moved back to Grenoble as an Associate Professor, to specialise in ocean data assimilation.
