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Chilean Patagonia, located at the southwestern tip of South America, is one of the last regions on Earth where highly intact environments predominate. With a coastline that extends along some 100,000 km of fjords, channels, and islands, it has one of the world's most extensive marine-terrestrial interfaces. Local place-based and Indigenous cultures and management practices are a vital presence across the region, while the long and rich history of conservation efforts has resulted in officially protected areas covering over 50% of the land and 41% of the coastal-marine area. However, Chilean Patagonia is increasingly facing anthropogenic pressures associated with increased infrastructure and access, salmon aquaculture, extractive industries, and the spread of invasive exotic species. Despite widespread recognition that Chilean Patagonia represents a unique global reservoir of socio-natural heritage, to date there has been no region-wide assessment of the scientific evidence of the conservation status of its ecosystems or the priorities for their effective conservation.
Conservation in Chilean Patagonia: Assessing the State of Knowledge, Opportunities, and Challenges is the first book to gather and synthesize the available scientific and socio-environmental information related to Patagonian conservation. It presents the collaborative work of 68 researchers and local experts, representing a range of specialities and perspectives, including biology, ecology, socio-ecology, fisheries, aquaculture, anthropology, economics, geography, tourism, cryosphere, oceanography, climate and global change. The book's 18 chapters focus on the status of key ecosystems and conservation tools and provide recommendations for the construction of a renewed, inclusive, and integrated conservation agenda for the Chilean Patagonian region. It provides an essential primer for anyone interested in the future of this ecologically vital region, as well as lessons on interdisciplinary collaboration and integrated analysis of conservation issues useful for conservation practitioners and scholars.
PART 1 - SYNTHESIS
1. An integrated conservation vision for Chilean Patagonia / Armesto. J. J., Martinez-Harms, M. J., Castilla, J.C., and Fuentes-Castillo, T.
PART 2 - GLOBAL CHANGES
2. Global change and acceleration of anthropic pressures on Patagonian ecosystems / Marquet, P.A., Buschmann A.H., Corcoran, D., Diaz., P.A., Fuentes-Castillo T., Garreaud, R., Pliscoff, P., and Salazar, A.
PART 3 - TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
3. Representativeness assessment and identification of priorities for the protection of terrestrial ecosystems in Chilean Patagonia / Pliscoff, P., Martinez-Harms, M.J., and Fuentes-Castillo, T.
4. Terrestrial protected areas in Chilean Patagonia: characterization, historical evolution, and management / Tacon, A., Tecklin, D., Farias, A., Pena, M.P., and Garcia, M.
5. Conserving the origin of rivers: intact forested watersheds in western Patagonia / Astorga, A., Moreno, P., Rojas, P., and Reid, B.
6. Peatlands in Chilean Patagonia: distribution, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and conservation / Mansilla, C.A., Dominguez, E., Mackenzie, R., Hoyos-Santillan, J., Henriquez, J.M., Aravena, J.C., and Villa-Martinez, R.
7. Steppe ecosystems in Chilean Patagonia: distribution, climate, biodiversity, and threats to their sustainable management / Radic-Schilling, S., Corti, P., Munoz-Arriagada, R., Butorovic, N., and Sanchez-Jardon, L.
PART 4 - MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
8. Coastal-marine protection in Chilean Patagonia: historical progress, current situation, and challenges / Tecklin, D., Farias, A., Pena, M.P., Gelvez, X., Castilla, J.C., Sepulveda. M., Viddi, F., and Hucke-Gaete R.
9. Marine mammals and seabirds of Chilean Patagonia: focal species for the conservation of marine ecosystems / Hucke-Gaete, R., Viddi, F.A., and Simeone, A.
10. Hard bottom macrobenthos of Chilean Patagonia: emphasis on conservation of subltitoral invertebrate and algal forests / Haussermann, V., Foersterra, G., and Laudien, J.
11. Fisheries and marine conservation in Chilean Patagonia / Molinet, C., and Niklitschek, E.J.
12. Aquaculture and its impacts on the conservation of Chilean Patagonia / Buschmann, A.H., Niklitschek, E.J., and Pereda, S.V.
PART 5 - MARINE-TERRESTRIAL INTERFACE ECOSYSTEMS
13. Ecological connections across the marine-terrestrial interface in Chilean Patagonia / Rozzi, R., Rosenfeld, S., Armesto, J.J., Mansilla, A., Nunez-Avila, M., and Massardo, M.
PART 6 - FRESHWATER AND CRYOSPHERE ECOSYSTEMS
14. A conservation assessment of freshwater ecosystems in southwestern Patagonia / Reid, B., Astorga, A., Madriz, I., Correa, C., and Contador, T.
15. Chilean Patagonian glaciers and environmental change / Rivera, A., Aravena, J.C., Urra, A., and Reid, B.
PART 7 - SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTS
16. Conservation and indigenous people in Chilean Patagonia / Aylwin, J, Arce, L., Guerra, F., Nunez, D., Alvarez, R., Mansilla, P., local experts: Alday, D., Caro, L., Chiguay, C., and Huenucoy, C.
17. Drivers of change in ecosystems of Chilean Patagonia: current and projected trends / Nahuelhual, L., and Carmona, A.
18. Analysis of tourism development linked to protected areas in Chilean Patagonia / Guala, C., Veloso, K., Farias, A., and Sariego, F.
Juan Carlos Castilla (PhD, Marine Biology, Bangor University, UK) is Professor Emeritus at the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Over the course of his career, he has specialized in experimental marine ecology, marine conservation, coastal benthic marine resource management, coastal pollution, and marine education. In 2010 he received Chiles National Award in Applied Sciences and Technology, in 2011 the Ramon Margalef Award in Ecology, and in 2012 the Mexico Award in Science and Technology. He is a foreign member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Juan J. Armesto Zamudio (PhD, Botany and Plant Physiology, Rutgers University) is Full Professor at Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and Adjunct Scientist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies and Visiting Professor at the Universidad de Concepcion. His research interests focus on forest ecosystems, in particular biogeochemical cycles and the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions. He is President and Researcher at the Senda Darwin Foundation, Chiloe, and Director of the Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Chile.
María José Martínez-Harms (PhD, Biodiversity Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Australia) is an Adjunct Researcher at the Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity and the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Her research focuses on landscape ecology, ecosystem services, evidence-based conservation, and spatial planning for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. In 2019 she received the L'Oreal Chile-UNESCO Award for Women in Science.
David Tecklin (PhD, Geography, University of Arizona) is a Research Associate at the Austral Patagonia Program, Universidad Austral de Chile, and Principal Officer for South American Land and Fresh Water Conservation at The Pew Charitable Trusts. His work as a conservation practitioner has included the development of multiple conservation programs and collaborative initiatives for forests, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. His research focuses on the analysis of institutions, policies, and governance.
