Volume 4 includes 91 species and subspecies of Lycaenidae, including four possible species and two new subspecies. This unique series includes for the first time all available present-day information for every butterfly species in the Levant; In addition to regular lists/catalogues and photographs of set specimens, the authors present photographs of all life-history stages, larval hostplants and adults in their natural biotopes, plus 18 categories of ethology (behaviour), conservation status, actual distribution and flight period which are not given by any present-day books.
The boundaries of the Levant are extended southwards to include the butterfly fauna of the northern Red Sea region in Egypt, Sinai and northwest Saudi Arabia. Presented for the first time are the butterflies of their remote and little-studied mountain chains, adding numerous new species, previously unpublished. Readers are reminded that the planned high-tech city, NEOM, in northwest Hejaz, which will connect to Sinai, Egypt via an extensive bridge over the Red Sea, will open this remote unspoiled area of Saudi Arabia to the world.