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Within days of the first reports of patients suffering from a mysterious pneumonia in Wuhan, scientists in China had produced a complete genetic sequence of the virus and confirmed that it was a novel SARS-like coronavirus. The genetic sequence was deposited in a public database, making the genetic code available to scientists anywhere in the world. The result was that weeks before the WHO declared the outbreak a global public health emergency and months before COVID-19 was formally designated a pandemic, virologists around the world were already studying the protein spikes on the virus and designing vaccines, which were developed much more quickly and turned out to be much more effective than even the optimists had predicted. As the pandemic evolved, new variants were detected through testing and their diffusion was tracked. All of these things were possible and happened quickly because a biological revolution had taken place a decade earlier: the world had moved into the postgenomic era.
In this book, the distinguished microbiologist Hugh Pennington argues that COVID-19 is the first 'postgenomic pandemic' – that is, the the first pandemic to sweep the world after the postgenomic era was initiated in 2008, when the whole genome sequencing costs began to decrease dramatically, enabling genome sequencing techniques to be made widely available. Pennington explains, in terms that everyone can understand, the science behind this crucial development and shows how it has revolutionized our ways of understanding and dealing with pandemics, including the pandemic that brought our world to its knees.
Acknowledgements
Foreword
1. The Postgenomic Age; its antecedents
2. Coronaviruses, the beginning
3. COVID-19, the disease
4. Origins. December 2019- January 2020
5. Fangcangs and Nightingales. February-April 2020
6. Test test test! March 2020
7. The Epidemiologic Transition
8. Outbreaks - learning in real time
9. Whole Genome Sequencing
10. Variants
11. Vaccines
12. Pandemics
13. The Future
Notes
Hugh Pennington is an Emeritus Professor of Bacteriology at the University of Aberdeen. He has worked for the UK, Scottish and Welsh governments as an expert on microbiology and food safety, and was a founder member of the World Food Programme Technical Advisory Group.
"A great read, making science accessible to all and demonstrating how advances build on previous science investments in leaps and bounds."
– Dame Sally Davies, Master, Trinity College Cambridge
"A scholarly and intellectually stimulating contribution which covers COVID-19 and sets this in the context of infectious diseases past and present. Pennington's explanation of the molecular biological aspects of infectious diseases, which are of critical importance in diagnosis and vaccination, is a joy to read, even for those with limited experience."
– Professor Jangu Banatvala, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London
