Environmental Toxicology II

About this book

The science of environmental toxicology is one of the most interdisciplinary ones. Biologists, microbiologists, chemists, engineers, environmentalists, ecologists, and other scientists have worked hand in hand developing this new discipline. The issue of the assessment of environmental effects of chemicals is complicated; it depends on the organism tested and involves not only toxicity testing of single chemicals, but also interactive effects (including synergistic ones) and genotoxicity, mutagenicity and immunotoxicity testing.

The issue of hazardous waste management is also closely related to environmental toxicology, and there is a growing need for techniques and practices to minimize the environmental effects of chemicals and for the implementation of the corresponding principles in the planning of environmental policy and decision-making. With many new chemicals entering the market every year, it has become necessary to assess their effects on the ecosystem, and to find ways to minimize their impact on the environment.

The Second International Conference on Environmental Toxicology brought together a wide range of people working within the many disciplines associated with environmental toxicology and hazards waste management, including: biologists; environmental engineers; chemists; environmental scientists; microbiologists; medical doctors; and all academics, professionals, policy makers and practitioners.

Environmental Toxicology II contains the papers presented at the Conference and covers subject areas such as: Risk assessment; Effluent toxicity; Pharmaceuticals in the environment; Genotoxicity; Bioaccumulation of chemicals; Monitoring, assessment and remediation of hazardous waste; New trends in environmental toxicology; Bio tests; Biodegradation and bioremediation; Ecotoxicity of emerging chemicals; Soil ecotoxicity; Protyomics and gemomics; Biological effects monitoring; Endocrine distribution in wildlife; Laboratory techniques and field validation; Online toxicity monitoring; Ecosystem and human health assessment; Exposure pathways; Integrated approach to risk assessment; Bio-terrorism safety and security; Habitat destruction.

Contents

- Spanish influenza: analogue for potential ramifications of bioterrorism

Section 1: Risk assessment
- Evaluation of water quality in public drinking fountains
- Environmental impact of soluble oils

Section 2: Human health risk
- Developing corporate environment and health strategy: review of existing corporate citizenship (CC) models
- Infant exposure to persistent organochlorine compounds is higher in Denmark than in Finland
- Different technologies for the treatment of PAH contaminated sediments and consequences on human health individual risk
- Agricultural practices that reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) and generate co-benefits
- Arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis: a public health risk assessment and management approach

Section 3: Effluent toxicity
- Toxicity assessment of effluents
- Study of phytotoxic properties of sewage sludge stabilised by alkaline mediums
- Evolution of acute toxicity of non-ionic surfactants over the biodegradation process
- Effects of hydraulic retention time, temperature, and MLSS concentration on the effluent quality of a membrane bioreactor
- Toxicity reduction evaluation (TRE) procedure for identification of toxic substances in landfill leachate

Section 4: Bioaccumulation of chemicals
- Alkylphenols and bisphenol-A and its chlorinated derivatives in Adipose tissue of children
- Assessment of the lead and cadmium contamination levels in the Lublin Region wetlands using mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) as a contamination vector
- Accumulation of heavy metals in Azadiractha indica from Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
- Classical and novel organohalogen compounds (PCBs and PBDEs) in hake (M. merluccius, L.) from the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts (France)

Section 5: Biodegradation and bioremediation
- When can surfactants enhance hydrocarbon biodegradation in oil biotreatments?
- Detoxification of aliphatic and aromatic organic pollutants by means of catalytic wet-air oxidation
- Ex-situ bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge
- Reducing copper toxicity by drinking coffee

Section 6: Biological effects monitoring
- In vitro toxicity of indoor fungi from dwellings in Slovakia: testing on the isolated lung cells
- Determining the suitability of Ceriodaphnia rigaudii as a toxicity test species
- In vitro toxicity of indoor moulds from Slovak dwellings
- Lung function parameters and MVOC
- Mortality of silkworms due to air pollution: environmental indicators induced by ecological stress

Section 7: Laboratory tests and validation
- Surface water toxicity assessment by ecotoxicological and in vitro toxicologocical assays
- Application of bioassays and soil column test for toxicity evaluation of selected pesticides
- Optimization and validation of a chromatographic methodology for the quantification of PAHs in drinking water samples
- Toxicity of nonionic surfactants

Section 8: Ecotoxicity of emerging chemicals
- Androgenic activity of effluent from forty-five municipal waste water treatment plants in Victoria, Australia
- Acute sublethal effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) on the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

Section 9: New trends in environmental toxicology
- Classification, analysis and interaction of solid airborne particles in urban environments
- Role of the chemistry of soil organic matter on the sorption of diuron

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