The 3817 species (and 4184 total taxa) of vascular plants occurring in the wild in New Mexico are listed, with synonymy, common names, whether native or exotic, references, and a complete accounting of all names that have been reported for New Mexico. Also included is an introduction to the climate, geologic history, soils, ecoregions, vegetation types, botanical history, and endemic, exotic, and noxious plants of the state.