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Fungal Infection: Diagnosis and Management, 4th Edition is a concise and up-to-date guide to the clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis and management of superficial, subcutaneous and systemic fungal infections. This highly acclaimed book has been extensively revised and updated throughout to ensure all drug and dosage recommendations are accurate and in agreement with current guidelines. A new chapter on infections caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii has been added. Fungal Infection: Diagnosis and Management has been designed to enable rapid information retrieval and to help clinicians make informed decisions about diagnosis and patient management. Each chapter concludes with a list of recent key publications which have been carefully selected to facilitate efficient access to further information on specific aspects of fungal infections. Clinical microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, as well as dermatologists, hematologists and oncologists, can depend on this contemporary text for authoritative information and the background necessary to understand fungal infections.
Preface to the fourth edition xxvi
Preface to the first edition xxviii
Acknowledgements xxix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The nature of fungi 1
1.2 Classification and nomenclature of fungi and fungal diseases 3
1.3 Fungi as human pathogens 5
1.4 The changing pattern of fungal infection 7
1.5 New directions in diagnosis 9
1.6 New directions in treatment and prevention 10
2 Laboratory diagnosis of fungal infection 12
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Collection of specimens 13
2.3 Specimens for serological tests 18
2.4 Specimens for antifungal drug level determinations 18
2.5 Transport of specimens 18
2.6 Interpretation of laboratory test results 18
2.7 Molecular diagnosis of fungal infection 28
3 Antifungal drugs 32
3.1 Introduction 32
3.2 Allylamines 32
3.4 Other allylamine compounds for topical administration 35
3.5 Azoles 35
3.6 Fluconazole 40
3.7 Itraconazole 44
3.8 Ketoconazole 48
3.9 Posaconazole 50
3.10 Voriconazole 53
3.11 Other imidazole compounds for topical administration 57
3.12 Echinocandins 59
3.13 Anidulafungin 60
3.14 Caspofungin 61
3.15 Micafungin 63
3.16 Polyenes 65
3.17 Amphotericin B 66
3.18 Other polyene compounds for topical administration 76
3.19 Flucytosine 76
3.20 Griseofulvin 79
3.21 Other miscellaneous compounds for topical administration 81
3.22 Prophylactic treatment for prevention of fungal infection 82
3.23 Empirical treatment of suspected fungal infection in the neutropenic patient 84
3.24 Pre-emptive antifungal treatment 85
3.25 Combination antifungal treatment of invasive fungal infections 85
3.26 Laboratory monitoring 86
4 Dermatophytosis 91
4.1 Introduction 91
4.2 The causal organisms and their habitat 92
4.3 Epidemiology 93
4.4 Laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytosis 94
4.5 Tinea capitis 95
4.6 Tinea corporis 102
4.7 Tinea cruris 105
4.8 Tinea pedis 107
4.9 Tinea manuum 111
4.10 Tinea unguium 113
5 Superficial candidosis 121
5.1 Definition 121
5.2 Geographical distribution 121
5.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 121
5.4 Epidemiology 122
5.5 Clinical manifestations 124
5.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation 130
5.7 Management 130
5.8 Prevention 136
6 Other cutaneous fungal infections 138
6.1 Pityriasis versicolor 138
6.2 Other Malassezia infections 142
6.3 Piedra 143
6.4 White piedra 144
6.5 Black piedra 145
6.6 Tinea nigra 147
6.7 Neoscytalidium infection 148
6.8 Alternaria infection 149
7 Mould infections of nails 151
7.1 Definition 151
7.2 Geographical distribution 151
7.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 151
7.4 Epidemiology 152
7.5 Clinical manifestations 152
7.6 Differential diagnosis 153
7.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 153
7.8 Management 154
7.9 Prevention 155
8 Keratomycosis 156
8.1 Definition 156
8.2 Geographical distribution 156
8.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 156
8.4 Epidemiology 157
8.5 Clinical manifestations 158
8.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation 159
8.7 Management 160
9 Otomycosis 162
9.1 Definition 162
9.2 Geographical distribution 162
9.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 162
9.4 Epidemiology 162
9.5 Clinical manifestations 163
9.6 Differential diagnosis 164
9.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 164
9.8 Management 164
10 Aspergillosis 166
10.1 Definition 166
10.2 Geographical distribution 166
10.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 166
10.4 Epidemiology 167
10.5 Clinical manifestations 170
10.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation 182
10.7 Management 186
10.8 Empirical treatment of suspected invasive aspergillosis 194
10.9 Prevention 195
11 Invasive candidosis 201
11.1 Definition 201
11.2 Geographical distribution 201
11.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 201
11.4 Epidemiology 202
11.5 Clinical manifestations 208
11.6 Candidosis in special hosts 217
11.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 217
11.8 Management 221
11.9 Empirical treatment of suspected invasive candidosis 232
11.10 Prevention 232
12 Cryptococcosis 236
12.1 Definition 236
12.2 Geographical distribution 236
12.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 236
12.4 Epidemiology 238
12.5 Clinical manifestations 240
12.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation 244
12.7 Management 246
12.8 Prevention 251
13 Mucormycosis 253
13.1 Definition 253
13.2 Geographical distribution 253
13.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 253
13.4 Epidemiology 254
13.5 Clinical manifestations 256
13.6 Differential diagnosis 259
13.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 259
13.8 Management 260
13.9 Prevention 262
14 Pneumocystosis 264
14.1 Definition 264
14.2 Geographical distribution 264
14.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 264
14.4 Epidemiology 265
14.5 Clinical manifestations 268
14.6 Differential diagnosis 269
14.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 270
14.8 Management 271
14.9 Prevention 274
15 Blastomycosis 277
15.1 Definition 277
15.2 Geographical distribution 277
15.3 The causal organism and its habitat 277
15.4 Epidemiology 278
15.5 Clinical manifestations 279
15.6 Differential diagnosis 282
15.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 282
15.8 Management 283
15.9 Prevention 286
16 Coccidioidomycosis 288
16.1 Definition 288
16.2 Geographical distribution 288
16.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 288
16.4 Epidemiology 289
16.5 Clinical manifestations 291
16.6 Differential diagnosis 294
16.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 294
16.8 Management 297
16.9 Prevention 301
17 Histoplasmosis 304
17.1 Definition 304
17.2 Geographical distribution 304
17.3 The causal organism and its habitat 305
17.4 Epidemiology 305
17.5 Clinical manifestations 307
17.6 Differential diagnosis 312
17.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 313
17.8 Management 316
17.9 Prevention 320
18 Paracoccidioidomycosis 322
18.1 Definition 322
18.2 Geographical distribution 322
18.3 The causal organism and its habitat 322
18.4 Epidemiology 323
18.5 Clinical manifestations 324
18.6 Differential diagnosis 327
18.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 327
18.8 Management 329
18.9 Prevention 331
19 Chromoblastomycosis 332
19.1 Definition 332
19.2 Geographical distribution 332
19.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 332
19.4 Epidemiology 333
19.5 Clinical manifestations 333
19.6 Differential diagnosis 334
19.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 334
19.8 Management 335
20 Entomophthoromycosis 338
20.1 Introduction 338
20.2 Basidiobolomycosis 338
20.3 Conidiobolomycosis 341
21 Mycetoma 344
21.1 Definition 344
21.2 Geographical distribution 344
21.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 344
21.4 Epidemiology 346
21.5 Clinical manifestations 346
21.6 Differential diagnosis 347
21.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 348
21.8 Management 349
22 Sporotrichosis 352
22.1 Definition 352
22.2 Geographical distribution 352
22.3 The causal organism and its habitat 352
22.4 Epidemiology 353
22.5 Clinical manifestations 354
22.6 Differential diagnosis 356
22.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 357
22.8 Management 358
22.9 Prevention 360
23 Hyalohyphomycosis 362
23.1 Introduction 362
23.2 Fusarium infection 362
23.3 Scedosporium infection 369
23.4 Other agents of hyalohyphomycosis 373
24 Penicillium marneffei infection 376
24.1 Introduction 376
24.2 Geographical distribution 376
24.3 The causal organism and its habitat 376
24.4 Epidemiology 377
24.5 Clinical manifestations 378
24.6 Differential diagnosis 378
24.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 379
24.8 Management 380
24.9 Prevention 381
25 Phaeohyphomycosis 383
25.1 Introduction 383
25.2 Geographical distribution 384
25.3 The causal organisms and their habitat 384
25.4 Epidemiology 385
25.5 Clinical manifestations 387
25.6 Differential diagnosis 390
25.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation 391
25.8 Management 392
26 Other invasive yeast infections 396
26.1 Introduction 396
26.2 Systemic Malassezia infection 396
26.3 Trichosporonosis 399
26.4 Other yeast infections 402
27 Unusual fungal and pseudofungal infections 405
27.1 Introduction 405
27.2 Adiaspiromycosis 405
27.3 Lacaziosis 408
27.4 Pythiosis 410
27.5 Rhinosporidiosis 414
Further reading 416
Select bibliography 419
Index, 421
