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What is language and what is the nature of the intelligence that can acquire it? Intelligence in Ape and Man, originally published in 1976, describes 10 years of research devoted to these questions. The author describes his programmatic research of decomposing language into atomic constituents, designing and applying training programs for teaching these to chimpanzees, and for teaching chimps major human ontological categories, as well as for interrogative, declarative, and imperative sentence forms.
Intelligence in Ape and Man details the progress from teaching apes simple predicates such as same-different, to more complex predicates such as if-then, and the success of the program led to the following questions directly related to intelligence: What made the training program effective? What is the cognitive equipment of the species which enables it to learn language? What does this tell us about human intelligence? The answers were suggested in terms of conceptual structure, representational capacity, memory and the ability to handle second-order relations. The results of this experimentation, which resulted in synonymy in some animals, shed light not only on the nature of language, but the nature of intelligence as well. One of the earliest ape language and intelligence studies, today this classic can be read and enjoyed again in its historical context.
Preface
1 Introduction
2 Subjects and General Procedure
3 The Physical Basis of Language
4 Early Failures
5 Later Success: Mapping a Social Transaction
6 Transfer
7 Early Concepts: Same-Different, No, and the Interrogative
8 "Name of" and Metalinguistics
9 Properties and Property Classes
10 Productivity: Use of Concepts to Generate New Instances of Themselves
11 Class Membership
12 Toward Logical Connectives and the Concept of Causality
13 Quantifiers and This/That
14 Synonymy
15 Words and Memory
16 Syntax
17 Mechanisms of Intelligence: Preconditions for Language
References
Author Index
Subject Index
