Principles of Toxicology

About this book

Written by two experienced toxicology lecturers, Principles of Toxicology provides a broad-based yet in-depth introduction to this diverse subject. Comprehensive and easy-to-read, Principles of Toxicology covers this broad and interdisciplinary field from the viewpoint of three different functional levels: molecular and cellular; physiological; and ecological and environmental. This revised second edition expands the coverage of Principles of Toxicology while keeping the organizational format that made the first edition a bestseller. It also includes a series of brief case studies illustrating the application of toxicological principles to current issues of interest.

Each and every chapter has been revised, several have been significantly rewritten, and three are entirely new. This new edition retains the extensive cross-referencing system that links all sections and enhances the integration of material. It also includes an appendix of selected toxicants that describes chemical structure and category of use. These features combine to make finding specific information quick and easy. The highly readable format and uniform, consistent presentation of information will make this the most used reference on your shelf.

Contents

MEASURING TOXICITY AND ASSESSING RISK
Introduction
Chemistry of Toxicants
Toxicity Testing Methods
Factors to Be Considered in Planning Toxicity Testing
The LD50 Experiment
Mixtures
Toxicity, Hazard, and Risk
References

TOXICOKINETICS
Introduction
Absorption
The Oral Route of Absorption
Distribution
Elimination
Toxicokinetic Models

BIOTRANSFORMATION
Introduction
Primary Biotransformation (Phase I Reactions): Hydrolysis
Primary Biotransformation (Phase I Reactions): Oxidation
Primary Biotransformation (Phase I Reactions): Reduction
Secondary Metabolism (Phase II Reactions)
Factors That Influence Metabolism
References

CELLULAR SITES OF ACTION
Introduction
Interaction of Toxicants with Proteins
Effects of Toxicants on Lipids
Effects of Toxicants on Nucleic Acids
Mechanisms of Cell Death
Case Study: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
References

NEW! GENOMICS AND NEW GENETICS IN TOXICOLOGY
Introduction
The Human Genome Project
Toxicogenomics
Metabolomics
Personalized Susceptibility and Tailored Therapeutics
Race, Ethics, and Genomics
Systems Toxicology
Case Study: Using GenBank and Online Tools in Genomics
References

CARCINOGENESIS
Cancer
The Epidemiology of Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Chemical Carcinogens
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
Protection against the Development of Cancer
Testing Compounds for Carcinogenicity
Critiques of Strategies in Cancer Research
Carcinogenesis: A Complex Process
QSAR Case Study: Predicting Carcinogenesis Based upon
Chemistry
References

REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
Introduction
Basic Processes in Reproduction and Development: Cell Division
The Male Reproductive System
The Female Reproductive System
The Effects of Toxicants on the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
The Process of Development
Embryogenesis and Developmental Genetics
Effects of Toxicants on Development: Teratogens and Teratogenesis
Testing for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity
Case Study: Thalidomide
References

RESPIRATORY TOXICOLOGY
Function of the Respiratory System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System
Effects of Toxicants on the Respiratory System: General Principles
Defense Mechanisms of the Respiratory System
Exposure to Respiratory Toxicants
Immediate Responses to Respiratory Toxicants
Delayed and Cumulative Responses to Respiratory Toxicants
Inhalation Studies
References

CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY
Function of the Cardiovascular System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart
Effects of Toxicants on the Heart
The Vascular System
Effects of Toxicants on the Vascular System
The Blood
Effects of Toxicants on the Blood
References

NEUROTOXICOLOGY
Function of the Nervous System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System
Effects of Toxicants on the Nervous System: General Principles
Effects of Toxicants on Electrical Conduction
Effects of Toxicants on Synaptic Function
Axonopathies
Myelinopathies
Effects of Toxicants Directly on Neurons
Other Neurotoxicants
Effects on Special Sensory Organs
Developmental Effects
Methods in Neurotoxicology
Case Study: Botulinum Toxin
References

HEPATIC TOXICOLOGY
Anatomy and Physiology of the Liver
Function of the Liver
Types of Toxicant-Induced Liver Injury
Response to Liver Injury
Evaluating Liver Injury and Treating Disease
Case Study: Reye Syndrome
References

RENAL TOXICOLOGY
Function of the Kidneys
Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidneys
Effects of Toxicants on the Kidney: General Principles
Damage to the Glomerulus
Damage to the Proximal Tubule
The Remainder of the Tubule
Measurement of Kidney Function In Vivo
Measurement of Kidney Function In Vitro
References

IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY
Function of the Immune System
Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms
Specific Defense Mechanisms
Effects of Toxicants on the Immune System
Methods for Studying Immunotoxicity
References

ECOLOGICAL TOXICOLOGY
Introduction
Effects of Toxicants at the Population Level
Effects of Toxicants at the Community Level
Effects of Toxicants at the Ecosystem Level8
Examples of Ecosystems and Vulnerability to Impact by Toxicants
Ecotoxicological Testing Methods
References

NEW! APPLICATIONS: PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
Basic Principles of Pharmacology
Drug Development and the Role of Toxicology
References

NEW! APPLICATIONS: FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
Analytical Toxicology
Forensic Toxicology and Alcohol Use
Forensic Toxicology and Illegal Drug Use
Criminal Poisonings
References

APPLICATIONS: ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND POLLUTION
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Toxic Wastes
References
Appendix
List of Selected Toxicants
Index

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