The Borneo Suckers Revision of the Torrent Loaches of Borneo (Balitoridae: Gastromyzon, Neogastromyzon)

About this book

The systematics of the genera Gastromyzon, Hypergastromyzon and Neogastromyzon of the family Balitoridae, all of which are endemic to Borneo, are revised. These genera possess an increased number and enlarged size in the pectoral and pelvic fins, fused pelvic fins and dorso-ventrally flattened bodies. They live in the headwater and hillstreams, typically in fast-flowing water over a rocky substratum. All type material of the 21 known species of Gastromyzon is re-described, with another 15 new species described. The genus Gastromyzon, now with 36 species, is divided into 11 artificial species groups: Gastromyzon borneensis group, G. punctulatus group, G. fasciatus group, G. contractus group, G. ctenocephalus group, G. lepidogaster group, G. ridens group, G. danumensis group, G. pariclavis group, G. ocellatus group and G. auronigrus group. The status of G. borneensis and G. lepidogaster is resolved with fresh topotypical material. The taxonomy of G. borneensis, G. danumensis, G. fasciatus, G. lepidogaster and G. punctulatus is clarified with fresh material and material from a wider distribution. A lectotype is designated for G. monticola. The life colouration of 26 species of Gastromyzon is illustrated, together with line drawings of juveniles of 15 species.

The genus Neogastromyzon is also revised and the identities of the two known species clarified and another four new species are described. All type material is illustrated, with life colouration of 3 species. A brief diagnosis of Hypergastromyzon is also included. An artificial key is provided for all species of Gastromyzon, Hypergastromyzon and Neogastromyzon. The biogeographical, ecological observations and biology of these balitorids are compiled and presented.

Contents

INTRODUCTION
Exploration in Borneo and fish reports

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL OBSERVATIONS
Distribution of Gastromyzon, Neogastromyzon and Hypergastromyzon in Borneo
Patterns
Species restricted to single basins
Biogeographic patterns
Gastromyzon borneensis group of northern Borneo
Gastromyzon lepidogaster group
Cryptospecies and Species pairs

ECOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
Compilation of observations
Observations on locomotion
Observations on diet
Observations on reproductive characters

ECONOMIC VALUE
Aquarium fish trade

BORNEAN ENDEMIC FISH GENERA AND SPECIES
Food fish use (local recipes)
Vernacular names
Localities in Borneo
Sabah localities
Brunei localities
Sarawak localities
Kalimantan Barat localities
Kalimantan Tengah localities
Kalimantan Timur localities

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Material
Methods

TAXONOMY
Key to Gastromyzon, Hypergastromyzon and Neogastromyzon
Gastromyzon Günther, 1874
   Species groups
      Gastromyzon borneensis group
         Gastromyzon borneensis Günther, 1874
         Gastromyzon monticola (Vailiant, 1889)
         Gastromyzon ornaticauda Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998
         Gastromyzon cranbrooki Tan & Zohrah, 2006
         Gastromyzon cornusaccus, new species
         Gastromyzon extrorsus, new species
         Gastromyzon introrsus, new species
         Gastronyzon bario, new species
      Gastromyzon punctulatus group
         Gastromyzon punctulatus Inger & Chin, 1961
         Gastromyzon aeroides, Tan & Zohrah, 2006
         Gastromyzon katibasensis, Leh & Chai, 2003
      Gastromyzon fasciatus group
         Gastromyzon fasciatus Inger & Chin, 1961
         Gastromyzon praestans, new species
      Gastromyzon contractus group
         Gastromyzon contractus Roberts, 1982
         Gastromyzon megalepis Roberts, 1982
         Gastromyzon umbrus, new species
      Gastromyzon ctenocephalus group
         Gastromyzon ctenocephalus Roberts, 1982
         Gastromyzon scitulus Tan & Leh, 2006
      Gastromyzon lepidogaster group
         Gastromyzon lepidogaster Roberts, 1982
         Gastromyzon psiloetron, new species
      Gastromyzon ridens group
         Gastromyzon ridens Roberts, 1982
         Gastromyzon crenastus Tan & Leh, 2006
         Gastromyzon stellatus, new species
         Gastromyzon zebrinus, new species
      Gastromyzon danumensis group
         Gastromyzon danumensis Chin & Inger, 1989
         Gastromyzon aequabilis, new species
         Gastromyzon ingeri, new species
      Gastromyzon pariclavis group
         Gastromyzon pariclavis Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998
         Gastromyzon embalohensis Rachmatika, 1998
         Gastromyzon venustus Tan & Zohrah, 2006
         Gastromyzon spectabilis, new species
         Gastromyzon russulus, new species
         Gastromyzon viriosus, new species
      Gastromyzon ocellatus group
         Gastromyzon ocellatus Tan & Ng, 2004
         Gastromyzon farragus Tan & Leh, 2006
      Gastromyzon auronigrus group
         Gastromyzon auronigrus, new species

Neogastromyzon Popta, 1905
      Neogastromyzon nieuwenhuisii group
         Neogastromyzon nieuwenhuisii Popta, 1905
         Neogastromyzon pauciradiatus (Inger & Chin, 1961)
         Neogastromyzon crassiobex, new species
         Neogastromyzon chini, new species
         Neogastromyzon kottelati, new species
         Neogastromyzon brunei, new species
      INCERTA SEDIS
         Neogastromyzon sp. 'Baram’

Hypergastromyzon Roberts, 1989
   Hypergastromyzon humilis Roberts, 1989
   Hypergastromyzon eubranchus Roberts, 1991

Literature cited
Acknowledgements
Plates
Index

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