Chemical Oceanography

About this book

Over the past ten years, a number of new large-scale oceanographic programs have been initiated. These include the Climate Variability Program (CLIVAR) and the recent initiation of the Geochemical Trace Metal Program (GEOTRACES). These studies and future projects will produce a wealth of information on the biogeochemistry of the world's oceans. Authored by Frank J. Millero, an acknowledged international authority in the field, the fourth edition of Chemical Oceanography maintains the stellar insight that has made it a favorite of students, instructors, researchers, and other professionals in marine science, geochemistry, and environmental chemistry. Reflecting the latest updates on issues affecting the health of our environment, this text: Includes full-color graphs and photographs to assist readers in visualizing the concepts presented

For more than two decades, Chemical Oceanography has served as the "classic" textbook for students and a valuable reference for researchers in the fields of oceanography, environmental chemistry, and geochemistry. Designed for both classroom use and self-study, this comprehensive survey of essential concepts incorporates a wealth of state-of-the-art reference data discovered on large-scale oceanographic studies sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.

Contents

- Descriptive Oceanography
- Introduction
- Physical Characteristics of the Oceans
- Distribution of Temperature and Salinity for Ocean Waters
- Circulation and Water Masses of the Oceans
- Use of Chemical Tracers in Oceanography
- Composition of the Major Components of Seawater
- Introduction
- Methods of Determination
- Composition and Stoichiometry of Average Seawater
- The Concept of Salinity
- Methods of Determining Salinity
- Causes of the Major Components Not Being Conservative
- Isotopic Variations
- Minor Elements In Seawater
- Classification of Elements
- Residence Times
- Distribution of Trace Elements in the Oceans
- Biological Interactions
- Geochemical Balance of Elements
- Ionic Interactions
- Introduction
- Water, the Unique Solvent
- Review of the Structure of Water
- Ion-Water Interactions
- Ion-Ion Interactions
- Physical Properties of Seawater
- Atmospheric Chemistry
- Introduction
- Nitrogen Gases
- Greenhouse Gases
- Effects of Global Change
- Loss of Ozone
- The Global Sulfur Cycle
- Dissolved Gases Other than CO₂
- Introduction
- Composition of the Atmosphere
- Dissolution of Gases in Seawater
- Air-Sea Exchange
- Nonreactive Gases
- Dissolved Oxygen in Seawater
- Other Nonconservative Gases
- Structural Aspects of the Solubility of Gases
- The Carbonate System
- Introduction
- Acid-Base Equilibria in Seawater
- Equilibria of Carbonate Species
- Parameters of the CO₂ System in Seawater
- Distribution of Carbonate Species
- CaCO₃ Dissolution in Seawater
- Fossil Fuel CO₂ Input to the Oceans
- Micronutrients in the Oceans
- Introduction
- Phosphorus in Seawater
- Nitrogen Compounds in Seawater
- Silicon in Seawater
- Use of Nutrients as Water Mass Tracers
- Primary Production in the Oceans
- Primary Production
- The Iron Hypothesis
- Microbial Transformations
- Dissolved and Particulate Organic Compounds in Seawater
- Processes in the Oceans
- Photochemical Processes in Seawater
- Hydrothermal Vent Chemistry
- Anoxic Waters.Glossary of Chemical Oceanography Terms
- Appendices

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