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This Element introduces Aristotle's doctrine of hylomorphism, which provides an account of substances in terms of their 'matter' and 'form', adapting and applying it to the interface between physics and biology. It begins by indicating some reasons for the current revival of hylomorphism and by suggesting a way of classifying the confusing array of hylomorphisms that have arisen. It argues that, in order for composite entities to have irreducible causal powers which make a difference to how nature unfolds, they must have substantial forms which transform their matter such that the powers of their physical parts are grounded in the composite entity as a whole. It suggests how a contemporary form of hylomorphism might contribute to the philosophy of biology by grounding the non-intentional form of teleology that features in the identity conditions of biological systems, affirming a real distinction between living organisms and heaps of matter.
1. The Fall and Rise of Hylomorphism
2. Modern Hylomorphisms
3. What Physics means for Hylomorphism
4. What Hylomorphism means for Biology
5. Concluding Remarks
References
"Simpson has written a superb introduction to Aristotle's hylomorphic philosophy of nature and the metaphysics of modern science, including biology. He skilfully locates Aristotle's innovations and insights within the main currents of both ancient and modern thought, explaining how they can break logjams in understanding the relationships between the micro- and macroscopic; between living things and their matter."
– Robert Koons, University of Texas, Austin
"An essential guide for students and researchers who are interested in the increasingly complex debate on hylomorphism: comprehensive, fair-minded, and clearly written. A must-have for your bookshelves!"
– Anna Marmodoro, Durham University
