The recording of changes of plants and animals is vital for decision-making in conservation, and is being recognised as increasingly important in the light of the current global environmental degradation. This book summarises the need for, and methods in, long-term monitoring, and includes the recent fields of aerial photography and remote sensing. It uses examples from all types of flora and fauna, and although aimed principally at monitoring on a regional and national level, has implications for international cooperation in monitoring schemes. An important textbook.