Nutrition and Fish Health

About this book

Safeguard the success of aquaculture operations without expensive antibiotics! Diseases are a major threat to the sustainability of the aquaculture industry. Because antibiotics have many drawbacks, increasing importance is being placed on understanding the mechanisms that make nutrition a key factor in host defense against pathogens. Nutrition and Fish Health is the first book to provide comprehensive information on nutrition as a means to improve fish health and defend against infection. Nutrition and Fish Health offers state-of-the-art information on diseases affecting cold-water and warm-water fish, as well as marine shrimp. It comprehensively addresses such vital issues as: nutrition and feeding management immuno-stimulants mycotoxins fish immune system mechanisms the use of vaccines nutrition and environmental stressNutrition and Fish Health is a comprehensive guide to using nutrition to make your aquaculture operation a success. Proper fish nutrition can help you: reduce the risk of disease decrease the risk of environmental contamination associated with the use of antibiotics increase production of good quality product increase profitsGenerously illustrated with graphs, charts, tables, and photographs, Nutrition and Fish Health is an essential guidebook for aquaculturists, fish producers, extension agents, aquaculture students, disease specialists, and feed formulators.

Contents

Contents About the Editors Contributors Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Overview of Warm-Water Fish Diseases Introduction Infectious Disease Agents Disease Control Chapter 2. An Overview of the Economically Important Diseases of Salmonids Introduction Bacterial Diseases Viral Diseases Parasitic Diseases Conclusion Chapter 3. The Penaeid Shrimp Viruses TSV, IHHNV, WSSV, and YHV: Current Status in the Americas, Available Diagnostic Methods, and Management Strategies Introduction The Viruses of Concern: Biology, Range, and Hosts Diagnostic Methods The Threat of WSSV and YHV to the Americas Strategies for Control of Virus Disease Chapter 4. Overview of Nutritional Strategies Affecting the Health of Marine Fish Introduction Dietary Approaches Conclusions Chapter 5. Nutritional Aspects of Health and Related Components of Baitfish Performance Introduction Nutrient Requirements Summary Chapter 6. Nutritional Deficiencies in Commercial Aquaculture: Likelihood, Onset, and Identification Introduction Likelihood of Deficiencies of Essential Nutrients Evolution of Essential Nutrient Levels in Fish Diets Onset and Identification of Nutritional Deficiencies Other Nutritional Problems Important Points for Fish Farmers Chapter 7. Immunity and Disease Resistance in Fish Introduction The Immune Tissues and Organs of Fish Innate Immunity and Disease Resistance Humoral Immunity Cell-Mediated Immunity Factors Influencing Innate Resistance and Acquired Immunity of Fish Conclusion Chapter 8. Dietary Ascorbic Acid Requirement for Growth and Health of Fish Introduction Deficiency Signs Dietary Requirement Reproduction Immune Response and Disease Resistance Stress Response Assessment of Status Tissue Storage Use in Commercial Aquaculture Chapter 9. Dietary Iron and Fish Health Introduction Deficiency and Toxicity Signs Dietary Requirement Bioavailability Immune Response and Disease Resistance Conclusion Chapter 10. The Role of Dietary Phosphorus, Zinc, and Selenium in Fish Health Introduction Phosphorus Zinc Selenium Conclusion Chapter 11. Influence of Dietary Lipid Composition on the Immune System and Disease Resistance of Finfish Introduction Fish Immunology: General Considerations Dietary Fatty Acids and the Immune Response Eicosanoid Synthesis and Activity Dietary Fatty Acids, Eicosanoids, and the Immune Response Chapter 12. Immunostimulants in Fish Diets Introduction The Genetic Basis of Immune Response Nutritional Contributions to Immune Response Immunostimulant Sources and Molecular Structure Modes of Action of Immunostimulants Pathogens and Immunostimulants Relationship to Other Regulatory Systems Dosage and Absorption Basal Immunostimulatory Status Pathogen-Host Interactions and Innate Disease Resistance Life Stage Differences Species Differences Stress and Disease Resistance Environmental Influences Summary and Conclusions Chapter 13. Mycotoxins in Fish Feeds Introduction Effect of Aflatoxin in Feeds on Fish and Other Animals Other Mycotoxins Produced by Aspergillium Moldls Mycotoxins Produced by Penicillium Molds Fusarium Mycotoxins and Their Effect on Fish and Other Animals Other Mycotoxins: The Ergot Alkaloids Effect of Mycotoxins on Immune Response Sampling Technique for Mycotoxin Analysis and Feed Commodities Screening, Analysis, and Detection of Mycotoxins Prevention of Mycotoxin Contamination in Grains and Fish Feeds Treatments to Reduce Mycotoxin Concentrations in Fish Feeds Regulatory Control of Mycotoxin Contamination Conclusion Chapter 14. Feed Allowance and Fish Health Introduction Methods Effects of Feed Allowance on Growth and Health Discussion Chapter 15. Dietary Lipids and Stress Tolerance of Larval Fish Introduction Essential Fatty Acids Phospholipids Conclusions Chapter 16. Modulation of Environmental Requirements of Finfish Through Nutrition Introduction Modulation of Tolerance to Low Temperature Modulation of Tolerance to Low Salinity Modulation of Tolerance to Nitrite Exposure Conclusions Chapter 17. Vaccines: Prevention of Diseases in Aquatic Animals Introduction Infectious Diseases in Aquaculture Systems Immune Capacity of Aquatic Animals Active and Passive Immunization Vaccine Strategies Immunization Routes Employed in Fish Vaccination Reasons for Vaccine Failures Age of Immunization Immunostimulants and Adjuvants Conclusion Index Reference Notes Included

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