The Inner Magnetosphere Physics and Modeling

About this book

As we become a space-faring culture, there is an increasing need for reliable methods to forecast the dynamics of electromagnetic fields, thermal plasma, and energetic particles in the geospace environment, as all these factors affect satellite-borne systems. From the electrodynamics viewpoint, on the other hand, the inner magnetosphere is a key element in the Sun-Earth connection chain of processes. Most notably, it is a region where a significant part of the storm-time energy input from the solar wind is deposited and dissipated.

Because the most interesting and crucially important phenomena, as noted, develop relatively close to Earth (in the transition region separating the innermost quasi-dipolar geomagnetic field from the magnetotail), understanding them is a complex task. Moreover, the stronger the disturbance, the deeper its impact penetrates into the inner magneto-sphere. In this region plasma no longer behaves like a fluid, and the motion of energetic charged particles becomes important for the dynamics of the system. This fact leaves "particle simulations" as a primary tool for studying and understanding the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere during storms. An integral element of such simulations is an electromagnetic field model. Recent studies of the inner magnetosphere have substantially improved our understanding of its dynamics while creating new paradigms and reviving old controversies.

Contents

Preface viii
A Historical Introduction to the Ring Current
      David P. Stern 1

I. Sources and Losses of Inner Magnetosphere Particle Population
Sources, Transport, and Losses of Energetic Particles During Geomagnetic Storms
      Vania K. Jordanova 9
Energetic Particle Losses From the Inner Magnetosphere
      Hannu E. J. Koskinen 23
A Numerical Study on the Resonant Scattering Process of Relativistic Electrons via Whistler-Mode Waves in the Outer Radiation Belt
      Yuto Katoh, Takayuki Ono, and Masahide lizima 33
Structures of Sub-keV Ions Inside the Ring Current Region
      M. Yamauchi, R. Lundin, L. Eliasson, D. Winningham, H. Reme, C, Vallat, I. Dandouras, and Cluster-CIS team 41
Quick Response of the Near-Earth Magnetotail to Changes in the Interplanetary Magnetic Field
      Kumiko K. Hashimoto and Takashi Kikuchi 47
Narrow Plasma Streams as a Candidate to Populate the Inner Magnetosphere
      V. A. Sergeev, D. A. Yahnin, K. Liou, M. F. Thomsen, and G. D. Reeves 55
Dynamics of Ions of Ionospheric Origin During Magnetic Storms: Their Acceleration Mechanism and Transport Path to Ring Current
      M. Nose, K. Takahashi, S. Ohtani, S. R Christon, and R. W. McEntire 61

II. Energetic Particle Acceleration Mechanisms
Particle Acceleration in the Inner Magnetosphere
      D. N. Baker, S. R. Elkington, X. Li, and M. J. Wiltberger 73
The Energetic Electron Response to Magnetic Storms: HEO Satellite Observations
      J. E Fennell, J. B. Blake, R. Friedel, and S. Kanekal 87
Global View of Energetic Particles During a Major Magnetic Storm
      Timo Asikainen, Kalevi Mursula, Raine Kerttula, Reiner Friedel, Daniel Baker, Finn Soraas, Joseph E Fennell, and J. Bernard Blake 97
Magnetospheric Substorms and the Sources of Inner Magnetosphere Particle Acceleration
      E. E. Antonova 105
Energization of the Inner Magnetosphere by Solar Wind Pressure Pulses
      W. William Liu 113
Energetic Trapped Proton and Electron Flux Variations at Low Altitudes Measured Onboard CORONAS-F Satellite During 2001, August-December, Their Connection with the Particle Flux Variations in Geostationary Orbit
      Sergey N. Kuznetsov and Irina N. Myagkova 121
Dynamics of the Earth's Radiation Belts During the Time Period April 14-24, 2002 - Experimental Data
      Irina N. Myagkova, Sergey N. Kuznetsov, Boris Yu. Yushkov, Yury I. Denisov, Ekaterina A. Murav'eva, and Joseph Lemaire 127

III. External Driving of the Inner Magnetosphere
Drivers of the Inner Magnetosphere
      Natalia Yu. Ganushkina 135
Injection of Energetic Ions During the 31 March 0630 Substorm
      Scot R. Elkington, Daniel N. Baker, and Michael Wiltberger 147
Storm-Substorm Coupling During 16 Hours of Dst Steadily at -150 nT
      T. I. Pulkkinen, N. Yu. Ganushkina, £ Donovan, X. Li, G. D. Reeves, C. T. Russell, H. J. Singer, and J. A. Slavin 155
On the Relation Between Sub-Auroral Electric Fields, the Ring Current and the Plasmasphere
      P. C. Brandt, J. Goldstein, P. C. Anderson, B.J. Anderson, R. DeMajistre, E. C. Roelof, and D. G. Mitchell 163
Transmission Line Model for Driving Plasma Convection in the Inner Magnetosphere
      Takashi Kikuchi 1 73

IV. Observational Specification of the Inner Magnetosphere
Advances in Inner Magnetosphere Passive and Active Wave Research
      James L. Green and Shing F. Fung 181
Probabilistic Forecasting of the Dst Index
      Robert L. McPherron, George Siscoe, Nancy U. Crooker, and Nick Arge 203
Testing the Hypothesis That Charge Exchange Can Cause a Two-Phase Decay
      M. W. Liemohn and J. U. Kozyra 211
Substorm Associated Spikes in High Energy Particle Precipitation
      E. Spanswick, £ Donovan, W. Liu, D. Wallis, A. Aasnes, T. Hiebert, B. Jackel, M. Henderson, and H. Prey 227
Ring Current Behavior as Revealed by Energetic Proton Precipitation
      F. Soraas, K. Aarsnes, D. V. Carlsen, K. Oksavik, and D. S. Evans 237
Proton Injections Into the Ring Current Associated With 0Z Variations During HILDCAA Events
      M. I. Sandanger, F. Soraas, K. Aarsnes, K. Oksavik, D. S. Evans, and M. S. Greer 249
What Defines the Polar Cap and Auroral Oval Diameters?
      Igor I. Alexeev 257

V. Large-Scale Models of the Inner Magnetosphere
Modeling Inner Magnetospheric Electric Fields: Latest Self-Consistent Results
      Stanislav Sazykin, Robert W. Spiro, Richard A. Wolf, Frank R. Toffoletto, Nikolai Tsyganenko, J. Goldstein, and Marc R. Hairston 263
Comparison of MHD Simulations of Isolated and Storm Time Substorms
      M. Wiltberger, 5. R. Elkington, T Guild, D. N. Baker, and  J. G. Lyon 271
Empirical Model of the Inner Magnetosphere H + Pitch Angle Distributions
      Jacopo De Benedetti, Anna Milillo, Stefano Orsini Alessandro Mura, Elisabetta DeAngelis, and loannis A. Daglis 283
Global Magnetospheric Dynamics During Magnetic Storms of Different Intensities
      V. V. Kalegaev and N. Yu. Ganushkina 293
A Back-Tracing Code to Study the Magnetosphere Transmission Function for Primary Cosmic Rays
      Pavol Bobik, Matteo Boschini, Davide Grandi, Massimo Gervasi, Elisabetta Micelotta, and Pier-Giorgio Rancoita 301
Investigation of 3D Energetic Particle Transport Inside Quiet-Time Magnetosphere Using Particle Tracing in Global MHD Model
      X. Shao, Shing F. Fung, L. C. Tan, K. Papadopoulos, M. Wiltberger, and M. C. Fok 307

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