The Lichenicolous Heterobasidiomycetes

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Language: English

A total of 54 species of lichenicolous heterobasidiomycetes are currently known, amongst which 41 species are described as new (see table of contents) and 6 species are left unnamed. They belong to the genera Biatoropsis Räsänen (1 species), Chionosphaera Cox (2 species), Cystobasidium (Lagerh.) Neuhoff (2 species), Syzygospora Martin (3 species) and Tremella Pers. (46 species). All species except those of Chionosphaera seem to be restricted to a monophyletic group of host lichens. Most taxa appear to be cosmopolitan, i. e. they exist in all regions of the world where the hosts are common. In the descriptions, special emphasis is given to the anamorphs; a previously unknown type of conidia, for which the new term asteroconidia is introduced, is present in a number of taxa; Tremella species with asteroconidia may well belong to a distinct genus, but cultural studies should be carried out before taking such a decision.

Contents

1. Introduction 5

2. Material and methods 6

3. Determination keys 7
3.1. Key to the genera 7
3.2. Host-based key to the species 7

4. The species 12
Biatoropsis Räsänen 12
B. usnearum Räsänen 13
Chionosphaera Cox 15
C. cf. apobasidialis Cox 16
C. lichenicola Alstrup, Sutton & Tonsberg 19
Cystobasidium (Lagerh.) Neuhoff 20
C. hypogymniicola Diederich & Ahti sp. nov 21
C. usneicola Diederich & Alstrup sp. nov 25
Syzygospora Martin 29
S. bachmannii Diederich & M. S. Christ. sp. nov 30
S. parmeliicola Diederich sp. nov 35
S. physciacearum Diederich sp. nov 38
Tremella Pers 45
T. candelariellae Diederich & Etayo sp. nov 52
T. cephalodiicola Diederich sp. nov S5
T. cetrariicola Diederich & Coppins sp. nov 57
T. christiansenii Diederich sp. nov 60
T. cladoniae Diederich & M. S. Christ. sp. nov 65
T. coccocarpiae Diederich sp. nov 69
T. coppinsii Diederich & Marson 71
T. dendrographae Diederich & Tehler sp. nov 74
T. everniae Diederich sp. nov 77
T. graphidastrae Diederich sp. nov 80
T. haematommatis Diederich sp. nov 82
T. harrisii Diederich sp. nov 85
T. hypocenomycis Diederich sp. nov 87
T. hypogymniae Diederich & M. S. Christ. sp. nov 90
T. leptogii Diederich sp. nov 95
T. lichenicola Diederich 97
T. lobariacearum Diederich & M. S. Christ. sp. nov 103
T. macroceratis Diederich & Hafellner sp. nov 108
T. microcarpa Diederich sp. nov 11O
T. monospora Diederich sp. nov 113
T. montis-wilhelmii Diederich sp. nov 116
T. nephromatis Diederich sp. nov 118
T. normandinae Diederich sp. nov 120
T. papuana Diederich sp. nov 123
T. parmeliarum Diederich sp. nov 125
T. parmeliellae Diederich & Serusiaux sp. nov 130
T. pertusariae Diederich sp. nov 133
T. phaeographidis Diederich, Coppins & Bandoni sp. nov 136
T. phaeographinae Diederich & Aptroot sp. nov 140
T. phaeophysciae Diederich & M. S. Christ. sp. nov 142
T. protoparmeliae Diederich & Coppins sp. nov 147
T. psoroglaenae Diederich sp. nov 149
T. psoromicola Diederich sp. nov 150
T. ramalinae Diederich sp. nov 152
T. rinodinae Diederich & M. S. Christ. sp. nov 154
T. santessonii Diederich 157
T. stevensiana Diederich 158
T. stictoe Diederich sp. nov 159
T. sulcariae Diederich & M. S. Christ. sp. nov 162
T. wirthii Diederich sp. nov 164
T. sp. 1 (on Caloplaca) 167
T. sp. 2 (on Lecanora rimicola) 169
T. sp. 3 (on Rhizocarpon lavatum) 170
T. sp. 4 (on Letharia vulpina) 173
T. sp. 5 (on Anaptychia ciliaris) 174
T. sp. 6 (on Leptogium) 175

5. Discussion 178
5.1. Introduction 178
5.2. Morphology 179
5.3. Anatomy 181
5.4. Taxonomy 185
5.5. Hosts 186
5.6. Biogeography 187

6. Acknowledgments 189

7. References 190

8. Index to species and genera of fungi 193

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