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Language: English
The Tropical micro-landsnail of the genus Plectostoma exhibits a greater diversity in shell forms, largely due to the last whorl, which, in some species is coiled irregularly. The genus counts 79 species and occurs in Vietnam, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. Plectostoma can only be found in limestone outcrops, where the rock face is its major habitat. This work revises non-Borneo Plectostoma species, which are more diverse in their shell form than Bornean Plectostoma. As a result, 10 new Plectostoma species are described together with the existing 21 species, based on the redefined shell characters and genetic data. In addition, all the data of 31 species, namely, 62 references, 214 collections, 290 pictures, and 155 3D models, were simultaneously tagged and linked to each other. All the synthesised, semantic-tagged, and linked taxonomic information is made freely and publicly available online.
Contents
Introduction 4
Current issues in taxonomy 4
An overview of genus Plectostoma's taxonomy history 6
Current taxonomic status of Plectostoma from Indochina, Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia 8
Materials and methods 8
Taxonomic data mining, storing and tagging (Appendix 1) 8
Specimen repositories 10
Establishing identity and revising the collection data 10
Species delimitation 12
Morphological analysis 13
Conservation status assessment 28
Molecular phylogeny and COI barcoding 28
Data resources 35
Results and discussion 35
Taxonomic data depository and cybertaxonomy 35
Morphological analysis 38
Conservation status assessment 38
Molecular phylogeny and COI barcoding 38
Key to Peninsular Malaysia Plectostoma 43
Taxonomy 45
Genus Plectostoma 45
Plectostoma dindingensis sp. n. 49
Plectostoma mengaburensis sp. n. 51
Plectostoma sinyumensis (Maassen, 2001) 51
Plectostoma umbilicatum (van Benthem Jutting, 1952) 53
Plectostoma siphonostomum (van Benthem Jutting, 1952) 55
Plectostoma panhai (Maassen, 2001) 56
Plectostoma christae (Maassen, 2001) 57
Plectostoma crassipupa (van Benthem Jutting, 1952) 60
Plectostoma tonkinianum (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1905) 61
Plectostoma whitteni sp. n. 63
Plectostoma sciaphilum (van Benthem Jutting, 1952) 64
Plectostoma senex (van Benthem Jutting, 1952) 65
Plectostoma turriforme (van Benthem Jutting, 1952) 66
Plectostoma palinhelix (van Benthem Jutting, 1952) 68
Plectostoma retrovertens (Tomlin, 1938) 69
Plectostoma ikanensis sp. n. 71
Plectostoma kayiani sp. n. 73
Plectostoma davisoni sp. n. 75
Plectostoma relauensis sp. n. 76
Plectostoma kakiense (Tomlin, 1948) 78
Plectostoma kubuensis sp. n. 79
Plectostoma laemodes (van Benthem Jutting, 1961) 80
Plectostoma salpidomon (van Benthem Jutting, 1952) 82
Plectostoma kitteli (Maassen, 2002) 83
Plectostoma klongsangensis (Panha, 1997) 85
Plectostoma charasense (Tomlin, 1948) 86
Plectostoma tohchinyawi sp. n. 87
Plectostoma annandalei (Sykes, 1903) 89
Plectostoma praeco (van Benthem Jutting, 1961) 90
Plectostoma tenggekensis sp. n. 91
Plectostoma laidlawi (Sykes, 1902) 93
Author contributions 95
Acknowledgements 95
References 96
Appendix 105
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