Glacier Science and Environmental Change

About this book

Authoritative and comprehensive reference work on contemporary issues in glaciology. It explores the interface between glacier science and environmental change, in the past, present, and future. Written by the world's foremost authorities in the subject and researchers at the scientific frontier where conventional wisdom of approach comes face to face with unsolved problems, this book provides: state-of-the-art reviews of the key topics in glaciology and related disciplines in environmental change cutting-edge case studies of the latest research an interdisciplinary synthesis of the issues that draw together the research efforts of glaciologists and scientists from other areas such as geologists, hydrologists, and climatologists color-plate section. The topics in this book have been carefully chosen to reflect current priorities in research, the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, and the developing relationship between glaciology and studies of environmental change. "Glacier Science and Environmental Change" is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduate research students, and professional researchers in glaciology, geology, geography, geophysics, climatology, and related disciplines.

Contents

Introduction 1. Peter G. Knight: Glacier science and environmental change: introduction Part 1: Glaciers and their coupling with hydraulic and sedimentary processes 2. Geoffrey S. Boulton: Keynote: Glaciers and their coupling with hydraulic and sedimentary processes 3. Darrel A. Swift: Case Study: Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland: Hydrological controls on basal sediment evacuation and glacial erosion. 4. John Shaw: A glimpse at meltwater effects associated with continental ice sheets. 5. Mandy J. Munro-Stasiuk and Darren Sjogren: Case Study: The erosional origin of hummocky terrain, Alberta, Canada. 6. Tracy A. Brennand, Hazen A. J. Russell and David R. Sharpe: Case study: Tunnel channel character and evolution in central southern Ontario 7. Tom Bradwell: Case Study: Glacial bedforms and the role of subglacial meltwater: Annandale, Southern Scotland. 8. Douglas I. Benn and David J. A. Evans: Subglacial megafloods: outrageous hypothesis or just outrageous? Reply to Benn and Evans by John Shaw and Mandy Munro-Stasiuk 9. Jan A. Piotrowski: Groundwater under ice sheets and glaciers 10. Silke Marczinek and Jan A. Piotrowski: Case Study: Groundwater flow under the margin of the last Scandinavian ice sheet around the Eckernforde Bay, NW Germany 11. Chris Breemer: Case Study: Simulation of Groundwater Flow and Subglacial Hydrology, Late Pleistocene Lake Michigan Lobe, Laurentide Ice Sheet 12. Paul M. Cutler: Case Study: Modelling impact of glacier - permafrost interaction on subglacial water flow 13. Mark Person: Case Study: Pleistocene hydrogeology of the Atlantic continental shelf, New England 14. Martyn Tranter: Glacial chemical weathering, runoff composition and solute fluxes. 15. J. L.Wadham: Case Study: Solute enhancement in the proglacial zone 16. Suzanne Prestrud Anderson: Case Study: Impact of mineral surface area on solute fluxes at Bench Glacier, Alaska. 17. Andy Hodson: Case Study: Phosphorus in glacial meltwaters 18. David J. A. Evans: Glacial landsystems 19. Colm O Cofaigh: Case Study: The sub-polar glacier landsystem of the Canadian High Arctic 20. Brice R. Rea: Case Study: Plateau icefield landsystem Part 2: Glaciers, oceans, atmosphere and climate. 21. John T. Andrews: Keynote: Glaciers, oceans, atmosphere and climate. 22. Alun Hubbard: Case Study: A multi-disciplined approach to the reconstruction of the Late Weichselian deglaciation of Iceland 23. Mark C. Serreze and Ignatius Rigor: The cryosphere and climate change: perspectives on the Arctic's shrinking sea ice cover. 24. Gerard Bond: The interaction of glaciers and oceans in the context of changing climate. 25. Mark Dyurgerov: Case Study: northern hemisphere glaciers responding to climate warming by increasing their sensitivity and their contribution to sea level rise 26. Chris R. Stokes and Chris D. Clark: Case Study: Influence of Ice Streaming on the Ocean-Climate System: Examining the Impact of the M'Clintock Channel Ice Stream, Canadian Arctic Archipelago 27. Eric Rignot: Case Study: influence of ocean warming on glaciers and ice streams 28. C. F. Michael Lewis and James T. Teller: Glacial runoff from North America and its possible impact on oceans and climate 29. Sean W. Fleming: Case Study: Impacts of climatic trends upon groundwater resources, aquifer-stream interactions and aquatic habitat in glacierized watersheds, Yukon Territory, Canada. 30. Julian A. Dowdeswell: Ice sheets and marine sedimentation on high-latitude continental margins 31. Martin S. Stoker, David Long, Joseph Bulat and Stephen Davison: Case Study: Seismic geomorphology and Pleistocene ice limits off NW Britain 32. Shawn J. Marshall: Modelling glacier response to climate change, 33. Richard Bintanja: Case Study: energy and mass fluxes over dry snow surfaces 34. E.J.Klok: Case Study: energy fluxes over Morteratschgletscher 35. R.Souchez and R. Lorrain: The environmental significance of deuterium excess in meteoric and non-meteoric Antarctic ice. 36. G. Hoffman and F. Vimeux: Case Study: Deuterium excess in Antarctica: a review Part 3: Changing glaciers and their role in earth surface evolution 37. David Sugden: Keynote: Changing glaciers and their role in earth surface evolution 38. Johan Kleman, Clas Hattestrand, Arjen Stroeven, Krister N. Jansson, Hernan De Angelis and Ingmar Borgstrom: Reconstruction of paleo-ice sheets - inversion of their glacial geomorphological record 39. Clas Hattestrand and Chris D. Clark: Case Study: Reconstructing the pattern and style of deglaciation of Kola Peninsula, NE Fennoscandian Ice Sheet 40. John T. Andrews: The Laurentide ice sheet: a review of history and processes. 41. Chris R. Stokes and Chris D. Clark: Case Study: What can the 'footprint' of a palaeo-ice stream tell us? Interpreting the bed of the Dubawnt Lake Ice Stream, Northern Keewatin, Canada. 42. David G. Vaughan: The Antarctic ice sheet 43. Greg Balco, Seth Cowdery, Claire Todd, John O.H. Stone: Antarctic ice sheet reconstruction using cosmic-ray-produced nuclides 44. Niels Reeh: Current status and recent changes of the Greenland ice sheet 45. Kevin Fleming: Case Study: The impact of ice-sheet fluctuations and isostasy on sea-level change around Greenland 46. Renji Naruse: The response of glaciers in South America to environmental change 47. G. Casassa, A. Rivera and M. Schwikowski: Case Study: Glacier mass balance data for Southern South America (30 S - 56 S) 48. Bryan G. Mark: Case Study: Quantifying the significance of recent glacier recession in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru: a case study of hydrological impact and climatic control 49. A. Rivera, C. Acuna and G. Casassa: Case Study: Glacier variations in central Chile (32 S-41 S) 50. Chris D. Clark, Sarah L. Greenwood and David J.A. Evans: Palaeo-glaciology of the last British-Irish ice sheet: challenges and some recent developments 51. Robert T. Meehan: Case Study: A regional glacial readvance in Ireland: self-promulgating theory, or science-based reality? 52. Danny McCarroll: Case Study: Average glacial conditions and the landscape of Snowdonia 53. Georg Kaser: Mountain glaciers 54. Krista M. McKinzey: Case Study: The Little Ice Age glacial record at Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand. 55. Yao Tandong, Pu Jianchen and Liu Shiying: Changing glaciers in High Asia Part 4: Glacier composition, mechanics and dynamics. 56. T.H. Jacka: Keynote: Glacier composition, mechanics and dynamics 57. K. M.Cuffey: Manifestations of ice microphysical processes at the scale of whole ice sheets 58. Erin C. Pettit: Case Study: Ice flow at low deviatoric stress: Siple Dome, West Antarctica 59. Paul Duval and Maurine Montagnat: Physical deformation modes of ice in glaciers and ice sheets 60. David L. Goldsby: Superplastic flow of ice relevant to glacier and ice-sheet mechanics 61. Throstur Thosteinsson: Case Study: Anisotropy and flow of ice 62. Antoine Pralong: Case Study: Ductile Crevassing 63. Wendy Lawson: Environmental conditions, ice facies and glacier behaviour 64. Richard I. Waller and Julian B. Murton: Case Study: The Behaviour of Glaciers on Frozen Beds: modern and Pleistocene examples 65. Sean Fitzsimons: Mechanical behaviour and structure of the debris-rich basal ice layer 66. David Chandler: Case Study: High resolution time series of basal motion at an Arctic glacier margin 67. Bryn Hubbard: On the relationships between field data and numerical models of ice mass motion 68. Shin Sugiyama: Case study: Measurements and modelling of diurnal flow variations in a temperate valley glacier 69. Alun Hubbard: Case Study: Using field data to constrain ice flow models: a study of a small alpine glacier. 70. Slawek Tulaczyk: Fast glacier flow and ice streaming 71. Byron R. Parizek: Case Study: Regional basal-thermal budget: implications for ice streaming along the Siple Coast, West Antarctica. Part 5: The practice of glaciology. 72. Richard B. Alley and Sridhar Anandakrishnan: Keynote: The practice of glaciology. 73. Jonathan Bamber: Remote sensing in Glaciology 74. Ian Joughin: Case Study: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) study of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream 75. Mike J. Smith, Paul Dunlop and Chris D. Clark: Case Study: An overview of sub-glacial bedforms in Ireland, mapped from digital elevation data 76. Urs H. Fischer and Bryn P. Hubbard: Borehole-based subglacial instrumentation 77. W.D. Harrison and M. Truffer: Case Study: Instrumenting thick, active, clast-rich till. 78. Claus U. Hammer: Ice core chronology 79. Jean Robert Petit: Case Study: The 420,000-year climate record from the Vostok ice core 80. Philippe Huybrechts: Numerical modeling of polar ice sheets through time 81. Anthony J. Payne and Andreas Vieli: Case Study: ice-flow models 82. G. Hilmar Gudmundsson: Case Study: estimating basal properties of glaciers from surface measurements 83. Roger J. Braithwaite: Measuring and modelling the mass balance of glaciers for global change 84. Wilfried Haeberli: Integrated perception of glacier changes: a challenge of historical dimensions. 85. A. Kaab for the GLIMS consortium: Case Study: The global land ice measurements from space (GLIMS) project. 86. Frank Paul and Max Maisch: Case Study: Historical Glacier Fluctuations 87. Doug Benn: Interpreting glacial sediments 88. William George Adam: Case Study: Moraine sediment characteristics as indicators of former basal ice layers 89. J.C.Gosse, T. Bell, J.T. Gray, J. Klein, G. Yang, and R. Finkel: Using cosmogenic isotopes to interpret the landscape record of glaciation: Nunataks in Newfoundland 90. Arjen P. Stroeven, Jon Harbor, Derek Fabel, Johan Kleman, Clas Hattestrand, David Elmore and David Fink: Case Study: Characteristic cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in relict surfaces of formerly glaciated regions 91. Neal R. Iverson: Laboratory experiments in glaciology 92. Peter Knight and Debbie Knight: Case Study: Laboratory observations of ice formation and debris entrainment by freezing turbid supercooled water References Index

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Biography

Dr Peter Knight was brought up in Birmingham, England, and educated in geography and glaciology at the Universities of Oxford and Aberdeen. He teaches physical geography at Keele University, and carries out research in glaciology and glacial geomorphology both in the laboratory and at field sites in Iceland, Greenland, and the UK.