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This new textbook of marine conservation takes a whole-systems approach, covering major advances in marine ecosystem understanding and providing a guide for marine conservation practice. Its premise is that conservation must be informed by the natural histories of organisms together with the hierarchy of scale-related linkages and ecosystem processes.
The reader is first introduced to the broad range of overlapping issues and the conservation mechanisms that have been devised to achieve marine conservation goals. Attention is called to emergent and unexpected phenomena that are rapidly changing coastal and marine systems, for example, climate change, ocean acidification, dead zones, and loss of biodiversity, that challenge the resilience of coastal-ocean systems, and cause problems in governance and human wellbeing. Next follow chapters on marine ecosystem science and the natural histories of marine organisms, which provide a basic background for achieving consideration of conservation goals.
Seven international case studies are presented by scientists that are directly involved in coastal and marine conservation in action. Each study illustrates a central marine conservation issue or issues in the context of its own biogeographic and social setting.
Finally, a synthesis chapter looks to the future, encouraging innovative thinking about how coastal and marine conservation can be transformed from traditional, fragmented, protection and management of the past to the ecosystem-based approach, intertwined in a social-ecological system of the future. Overall, Marine Conservation: Science, Policy, and Management is an attempt to provide students and conservation practitioners with a framework for thoughtful, critical thinking in order to incite innovation in the 21st century.
Contributors, ix
Preface, xii
About the companion website, xiv
1 In pursuit of marine conservation, 1
2 Marine conservation issues, 7
3 Marine conservation mechanisms, 43
4 Marine systems: the base for conservation, 74
5 Natural history of marine organisms, 105
6 Chesapeake Bay: estuarine restoration with an environmental debt, 137
7 Bering Sea seals and walruses: responses to environmental change, 171
8 The Bahamas: conservation for a tropical island nation, 200
9 The Isles of Scilly: sustaining biodiversity, 234
10 Gwaii Haanas: from conflict to cooperative management, 262
11 South Africa: coastal-marine conservation and resource management in a dynamic socio-political environment, 288
12 Species-driven conservation of Patagonian seascapes, 315
13 From being to becoming: a future vision, 339
References, 353
Species index, 357
Subject index, 361
G. Carleton Ray is Research Professor of Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. He has conducted basic and applied research in polar and temperate regions and in the tropics, concentrating on natural history of fishes and marine mammals, biodiversity, and conservation science. He has also been actively engaged in marine conservation policy development and marine protected area establishment nationally and internationally.
Jerry McCormick-Ray is Senior Scientist at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. Her research has focused on marine mammals and marine invertebrates, physiological effects of pollution, and benthic faunal ecology in estuaries and in the Arctic. She has been actively engaged in marine conservation science and its application to policy and protected areas nationally and internationally.
Robert L. Smith Jr. grew up in West Virginia and studied art and biology at West Virginia University. He resides in Albemarle County Virginia where he illustrates books and takes care of his small-scale poultry farm. Bob has done illustration work for trade and text books, as well as for numerous journals and magazines.
