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Ocean is an ambitious history of the pre-Columbian Atlantic Ocean, a story that begins with the formation of the mid-Atlantic ridge some 200 million years ago and ends with the Castilian conquest of the Canary Islands in the fifteenth century, which provided a template for the methods used by the Spanish in their colonisation of the New World.
John Haywood argues that the perception that Atlantic history begins with the first voyage of the celebrated Genoese navigator is a mistaken one, and that the seafaring and shipbuilding skills that enabled European global exploration and expansion did not arrive fully formed in the fifteenth century, but were learned over centuries and millennia in the Atlantic and its marginal seas. The pre-Columbian history of the Atlantic is the story of how Europeans learned to master the oceans. It is, therefore, key to understanding why it was Europeans, and not any of the world's other seafaring peoples, who 'discovered' the world.
Ocean is informed by the author's extensive travels in and around the Atlantic Ocean, crossing Newfoundland's Grand Banks, the Sea of Darkness and the weed-covered Sargasso Sea to make landfall at locations as diverse as Vinland, Greenland, the Faroes and the Cape Verde Islands. Populated by a heterogeneous and multi-ethnic cast of seafarers, fishermen, monks, merchants and dreamers, this is an in-depth history of a neglected subject, fusing geology, geography, mythology, cosmology, developing maritime technologies and the early history of exploration to narrate an enthralling and intriguing story that lies at the very heart of Europe's modern history and its relationship with the rest of the world. A history on a grand scale, Ocean offers the reader a feast of historical storytelling that will appeal to readers of David Abulafia, Simon Winchester and Michael Pye.
John Haywood was educated at the universities of Lancaster, Cambridge and Copenhagen. He is an expert on the history of Dark Age Europe. His authorial credits include The New Atlas of World History (T&H ), The Penguin Atlas of the Vikings and Northmen: The Viking Saga 793-1241.
"A dazzling narrative full of new archaeological discoveries and packed with profound insights about the shifting tectonic plates of history that have made our world."
– Michael Wood
"A superb account of early Atlantic history that richly rewards the reader."
– Jeremy Black, A Brief History of the Atlantic
"Ocean is a superb achievement. It is not just a history of the Atlantic: it is also a history of a sizeable part of humanity, and how it was shaped by this most forbidding of the oceans. Almost every page is a revelation. Written with great insight and humanity, John Haywood has created something very special. Anyone interested in the deep past of our relationship with the elements should read this book."
– Jerry Brotton, author of A History of the World in 12 Maps
