This is the most authoritative single volume on offshore wind power yet published. Distinguished experts, mainly from Europe's leading universities, have contributed a collection of peer reviewed papers on the interfaces between wind power technology and marine engineering. The range of issues covered by the book include: wind as a resource; wind power generation; connection to the grid; the marine environment and engineering issues particular to it.
This book is essential for academic departments of mechanical engineering/energy engineering/ renewable energy. Offshore wind power generation will be the driver of the offshore industry for the foreseeable future: all organisations involved in offshore engineering should have this book.
Preface
John Twidell and Gaetano Gaudiosi
Ch 1 Offshore wind power: A review of progress Poul Erik Morthorst, Jorgen Lemming and Niels-Erik Clausen 1. Introduction 2. Development and investment costs of offshore wind power 3. The cost of energy generated by offshore wind power 4. Offshore Windfarms under Construction and in planning stage 5. Future technological development 6. Scenarios for the future offshore development of wind power 7. Long-term cost perspectives for offshore turbines 8. New offshore concepts 9. Conclusions
Ch 2 Basics of wind turbines John Twidell 1. Introduction 2. Wind power growth 3. How wind turbines function 4. Offshore or on land? 5. Environmental impact
Ch 3 Wind & waves in the Mediterranean Sea Luigi Cavaleri and Corrado Ratto 1. The meteo-oceanographic characteristics of the Mediterranean Sea 2. The sources of wind and wave data in the Mediterranean Sea 3. Combining the different data into a consistent data set 4. Results
Ch 4 Climatology Rebecca Barthelmie, S.C. Pryor and S.T. Frandsen 1. Introduction 2. Resource estimation 3. From resource to wind energy: impacts of wakes 4. Windfarm power output at short time scales: is offshore different? 5. Summary 6. Acknowledgements 7. References
Ch 5 Electrical aspects of wind turbines Zhe Chen and Frede Blaabjerg 1. Introduction 2. Turbine power control 3. Generators for wind turbines 4. Modern power electronics and converter systems 5. Electrical power conversion systems of wind turbines 6. Control of wind turbines 7. Network topologies of windfarms 8. Integration of wind turbines into power systems 9. Improvement of wind turbine performance in power systems 10. Conclusion
Ch 6 Windfarm power connection Thomas Ackermann 1. Introduction 2. The offshore collector system 3. Offshore substations 4. Transmission to shore 5. Reliability assessment 6. Economic evaluation of the transmission system 7. Conclusions
Ch 7 Grid Integration Carlo Degli Esposti 1. Introduction 2. Regulation of renewable energy 3. Support schemes for electricity production 4. Integrating rese into the electricity market 5. System costs 6. Technical integration of renewables
Ch 8 Turbine dynamics and fatigue Jan Van der Temple 1. Introduction 2. General terminology 3. Stochastic random processes 4. Waves and currents 5. Wind 6. The turbine 7. Dynamics of offshore wind turbines 8. Basic fatigue considerations 9. Foundations
Ch 9 Offshore floating turbines Andrew Henderson 1. Introduction 2. History 3. Benefits of deepwater windfarms 4. Design drivers for concept design 5. Candidate concepts 6. Conclusion and final challenges
Ch 10 Access to windfarms Goran Dalen and Mikael Jakobdsson 1. Introduction 2. Requirements for good access 3. Components of an access system 4. Experience and systems analysis 5. Further technology 6. Conclusion
Ch 11 Standards and Certification Axel Andre, Kimon Argyriadis, Peter Dalhoff, Christian Nath and Silke Schwartz 1. Introduction 2. Standards 3. Certification of wind turbines and windfarms 4. Risk evaluation 5. Summary and conclusions 6. References
Ch 12 Foundation design in deep waters Franco Cesari 1. Introduction 2. Structural Solutions 3. Substructure design 4. Construction and transportation 5. Installation and dismantling 6. Weight and cost evaluation 7. Concluding remarks 8. References
Ch 13 Turbine materials Lorenzo Battisti and Alessandra Brighenti 1. Introduction 2. Rotor component materials 3. Nacelle component materials 4. Supporting structure materials 5. Cold climate issues 6. Offshore wind turbines materials selection process 7. Conclusions
John Twidell works independently as an academic consultant and writer in renewable energy and sustainability, and as Director of the AMSET Centre Ltd. He previously held the Chair in Renewable Energy at De Montfort University and was Director of the Energy Studies Unit of Strathclyde University. He has also held appointments at Universities in Africa and the South Pacific. He has served on the Boards of the British Wind Energy Association and the UK Solar Energy Society, on committees of the Institute of Physics and as an adviser to the UK Parliamentary Select Committee on Energy. Practical experience in wind power has included management of a 3 MW (60 m) wind turbine and other smaller wind turbines on Orkney, northern Scotland. He is a Board member of Westmill Windfarm Co-operative. Presently, he is Editor Emeritus of the academic journal `Wind Engineering', having been General Editor from 1998 to 2007. He is a visiting lecturer at the Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford (MSc in Environmental Change, Energy Module), and the School of Aeronautics and Engineering, City University, London (MSc in Energy, Environment, Economics and Technology). His co-authored textbook with A.D. Weir, `Renewable Energy Resources' (second edition 2006, published by Taylor Francis) sells worldwide, mainly on postgraduate courses. He has written # 100 published papers on renewable and sustainable energy, and chapters in 9 other books.
Gaetano Gaudiosi graduated in Naval Engineering at Naples University in 1959, and now works independently as a consultant on offshore and onshore wind energy and other marine renewable energies. From its foundation in 2006, he has been president of the not-for-profit association OWEMES, emphasising the Mediterranean and Southern European seas. He is a Board member of ATENA (Associazione di Tecnica Navale) Rome Section and ANIV (Association Nazionale Ingegneria del Vento, 2001-2007). Previously he was an officer in the wind energy programs of ENEA (Project Manager 1980-1987 for MEDIT 300 KW and GAMMA 1.5 MW wind turbine; senior consultant and E.C. Italian project leader 1990-2001), Italian Member in the IEA Wind R& D Implement Agreement 1984-1990) and European Commission Expert for the evaluation of wind and ocean energy project proposals. From 1961 to 1980, he worked in nuclear energy, with experience in testing thermal critical phenomena in the reactor core (BWR and PWR) in Italy, USA and Sweden. From 1984, he has chaired the triennial European Seminar OWEMES in Italy (Rome 1994; La Maddalena 1997; Siracusa 2000; Napoli 2003; Civitavecchia 2006). He is author of papers on nuclear energy and wind energy, with particular attention to the offshore wind power applications presented in international conferences since 1992. He co-edited a special issue of the journal `Wind Engineering', reviewing offshore wind energy. Teaching activity in Wind Energy has been carried out for many years in Italy and other countries, recently including the e-learning ENEA-UNESCO course on offshore wind energy.