Primates of Vietnam was produced on the occasion of the 25th Congress of the International Primatological Society, in Hanoi, Vietnam, August 2014. It gives an overview of the current threats to primates in Vietnam, as well as the developments in conservation policy. An extensive section gives species accounts for all 25 members of the lorises, macaques, langurs, douc langurs, snub-nosed monkeys, and gibbons found in Vietnam, and includes distribution maps and multiple colour photos for each species. The final section compiles all original scientific descriptions to Vietnamese primate taxa, and includes facsimile reproductions of the original papers.
CONTRIBUTORS 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4
FOREWORD 5
I. INTRODUCTION
1. History of primate research in Vietnam 9
Compiled by Tilo Nadler
2. Recent primate research and conservation in Vietnam 17
Compiled by Tilo Nadler
3. Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Vietnamese primates 27
Christian Roos
II. THREATS TO PRIMATES IN VIETNAM
1. Vietnamese primates on the brink of extinction 39
Tilo Nadler
2. Primates in the illegal wildlife trade in Vietnam 43
Jasmin Beyle, Nguyen Van Quan, Douglas Hendrie and Tilo Nadler
3. Primates in traditional medicine in Vietnam 51
Tilo Nadler
4. Habitat disturbance and loss, and the primates of Vietnam 55
Tilo Nadler
III. CONSERVATION POLICY
1. Protected area system of Vietnam 63
Nguyen Quoc Dung
2. Ex-Situ conservation of primates and primate captive management facilities in Vietnam 71
Tilo Nadler
3. Wildlife protection laws in Vietnam 75
Tilo Nadler
IV. SPECIES ACCOUNTS
Tilo Nadler and Diane Brockman
1. LORISES 78
An introduction to the lorises (genus Nycticebus)
Pygmy loris Nycticebus pygmaeus 80
Northern slow loris Nycticebus bengalensis 86
2. MACAOUES 90
An introduction to the macaques (genus Macaca)
Northern pig-tailed macaque Macaca leonina 92
Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis 98
Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta 104
Long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis 110
Stump-tailed macaque Macaca arctoides 120
3. LANGURS 126
An introduction to the langurs (genus Trachypithecus)
Annamese silvered Iangur Trachypithecus margarita 128
Indochinese silvered Iangur Trachypithecus germaini 132
Indochinese grey Iangur Trachypithecus crepusculus 138
Francois’ Iangur Trachypithecus francoisi 144
Cat Ba Iangur Trachypithecus poliocephalus 150
Delacour’s langur Trachypithecus delacouri 156
Hatinh langur Trachypithecus hatinhensis 164
Black langur Trachypithecus ebenus 164
4. DOUC LANGURS 172
An introduction to the douc langurs (genus Pygathrix)
Red-shanked douc langur Pygathrix nemaeus 174
Grey-shanked douc langur Pygathrix cinerea 182
Black-shanked douc langur Pygathrix nigripes 190
5. SNUB-NOSED MONKEYS 196
An introduction to the snub-nosed langurs (genus Rhinopithecus)
Tonkin snub-nosed langur Rhinopithecus avunculus 198
6. GIBBONS 206
An introduction to the gibbons (genus Nomascus)
Western black gibbon Nomascus concolor 208
Eastern black gibbon Nomascus nasutus 212
Northern white-cheeked gibbon Nomascus leucogenys 218
Southern white-cheeked gibbon Nomascus siki 222
Northern yellow-cheeked gibbon Nomascus annamensis 226
Southern yellow-cheeked gibbon Nomascus gabriellae 230
V. REFERENCES
1. Original scientific descriptions of Vietnamese primate taxa ........................................................................................... ..237
Compiled by Tilo Nadler
Pygmy loris Nycticebus pygmaeus 238
Nycticebus intermedius 242
Northern slow loris Nycticebus bengalensis 246
Northern pig-tailed macaque Macaca leonina 248
Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis 250
Macaca assamensis coolidgei 252
Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta 255
Long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis 258
Con Dao long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis condorensis 261
Stump-tailed macaque Macaca arctoides 263
Annamese silvered langur Trachypithecus margarita 269
Presbytis cristatus caudalis 271
lndochinese silvered langur Trachypithecus germaini 273
lndochinese grey langur Trachypithecus crepusculus 275
Francois’ langur Trachypithecus francoisi 277
Cat Ba langur Trachypithecus poliocephalus 279
De¦acour’s langur Trachypithecus delacouri 282
Hatinh langur Trachypithecus hatinhensis 286
Black langur Trachypithecus hatinhensis monph ebenus 291
Red-shanked douc langur Pygathrix nemaeus 297
Grey-shanked douc langur Pygathrix cinerea 299
Black-shanked douc langur Pygathrix nigripes 311
Pygathrix nigripes moi 317
Tonkin snub-nosed langur Rhinopithecus avunculus 318
Western black gibbon Nomascus concolor 320
Eastern black gibbon Nomascus nasutus 331
Northern white-cheeked gibbon Nomascus leucogenys 336
Southern white-cheeked gibbon Nomascus siki 339
Northern yellow-cheeked gibbon Nomascus annamensis 345
Southern yellow-cheeked gibbon Nomascus gabriellae 357
2. Cited References 361