About this book
This book presents the specific collaborations and the defensive and counter-defensive interactions that govern the virus intracellular cycle an plant infection. It describes the relations between the virus an the agro-environment and presents recent developments in diagnosis and control methods. It also gives detailed information on plant virus evolution and taxonomy.
Contents
Contents:
THE VIRUS, THE CELL AND THE PLANT
Viral Structures
. Architecture of the virion
. Viral nucleic acids
. Viral information: a protected message
Infection of the Cell: Synthesis of Viral Proteins
. Entry of viral genetic information into the cell
. Translation of the viral messenger
Infection of the Cell: Replication of the Viral Nucleic Acid
. Replication of positive-sense RNA viruses
. Replication of negative-sense RNA viruses
. Replication of single-stranded DNA viruses: Geminiviridae and Nanoviridae
. Replication of double-stranded DNA viruses: Caulimoviridae
. Conclusion
Plant Virus Movement
. TMV movement: a model system
. The movement of other viruses
. Another form of cell-to-cell movement: the viral particle
. Virus movement: a paradigm for macromolecular trafficking within plants
. Concluding remarks
The defence reaction of the infected plant
. Recovery from viral infection is due to an RNA silencing mechanism similar to post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)
. Viruses can suppress RNA silencing
. Concluding remarks: RNA silencing, the tip of the iceberg?
Resistance with Hypersensitivity Reaction and Extreme Resistance
. Description of resistance
. Induction of resistance
. Translation of the signal
. The expression of resistance
. Conclusion
Subviral Pathogenic RNAs: Satellites and Viroids
. Satellite viruses and satellite RNAs
. Viroids
THE VIRUS IN THE AGRO-ENVIRONMENT
Virus Dissemination
. To be transmitted or to disappear
. Specific molecular interactions between viruses and vectors
. The epidemiology of viral diseases
Diagnostic Methods
. Symptoms observed on the plant
. Symptoms observed at the cellular level
. Diagnosis through biological means
. Serological diagnostics
. Towards plant virus diagnosis in the fields
. Contribution of electron microscopy
. Detection of viral nucleic acids
. Towards efficient use of diagnostic methods
Control of Plant Viral Diseases: Prophylactic Measures
. Virus-free seeds and vegetative propagules
. Preventing and reducing virus dissemination
Controlling Plant Viral Diseases: Breeding for Resistant Varieties
. Search for and characterization of virus resistances
. Diversity of resistance mechanisms
. Durability of resistance genes
Control of Plant Viral Diseases: Genetic Engineering for Protection
. Gene transfer
. How is a transgenic plant obtained?
. Transgenic protection against plant viruses
. Potential environmental impact of virus-resistant transgenic plants
EVOLUTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES
Evolution of Viruses
. Mutation
. Recombination
. Viral sequences are integrated in plant DNA
. Viral quasi-species
. Vectors, a field that is constantly explored by viruses
. New viral diseases and emerging viruses
. Molecular phylogenies
. Origin of viruses and viral genes: modular evolution
. A phylum: positive-sense RNA viruses
. A provisional conclusion: How is a virus produced?
Classification of Plant Viruses
. Species
. Genera
. Families
. Orders
Viral Genera
. Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses One isometric particle
. Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses bipartite genome, isometric particles
. Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses tripartite genome, isometric particles
. Positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses helical rod-shaped particles
. Positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses helical filamentous particles
. Negative-sense single stranded RNA viruses
. Double-stranded RNA viruses
. Single-stranded RNA viruses
. Double-stranded DNA reverse-transcribing viruses
Glossary
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