The present book is a critical inventory of species diversity of recent soil microfungi of Israel found up to 2001, and includes 129 genera, 444 species and infraspecific taxa. One hundred forty seven species and 39 genera of soil microfungi are originally listed from this area. For each species the information contains synonyms, descriptions, reference to relevant literature, distribution in Israel and in the world; for 182 species, the illustrations are provided. Preliminary analysis of the Israeli soil microfungi is given including taxonomic and geographical distribution.