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The area of eastern Africa, which includes Tanzania and Kenya, is known for its savannas, wildlife and tribal peoples. Alongside these iconic images lie concerns about environmental degradation, declining wildlife populations, and about worsening poverty of pastoral peoples. East Africa presents in microcosm the paradox so widely seen across sub Saharan Africa, where the world's poorest and most vulnerable populations live alongside some of the world's most outstanding biodiversity resources.
Over the last decade or so, community conservation has emerged as a way out of poverty and environmental problems for these rural populations, focusing on the sustainable use of wildlife to generate income that could underpin equally sustainable development. Given the enduring interest in East African wildlife, and the very large tourist income it generates, these communities and ecosystems seem a natural case for green development based on community conservation.
This volume is focused on the livelihoods of the Maasai in two different countries - Kenya and Tanzania. This cross-border comparative analysis looks at what people do, why they choose to do it, with what success and with what implications for wildlife. The comparative approach makes it possible to unpack the interaction of conservation and development, to identify the main drivers of livelihoods change and the main outcomes of wildlife conservation or other land use policies, while controlling for confounding factors in these semi-arid and perennially variable systems. This synthesis draws out lessons about the successes and failures of community conservation-based approach to development in Maasailand under different national political and economic contexts and different local social and historical particularities.
Introduction: Homewood, Trench and Kristjansen.- Methodology: Serneels and Herrero.- Mara: Thompson, Serneels, Ole Kaelo and Trench.- Kitengela: Nkedianye, Radeny and Kristjansen.- Amboseli: Burnsilver .- Longido: Trench, Kiruswa and Homewood.- Tarangire: Sachedina and Trench.- Community based conservation in Tanzanian Maasailand:Nelson, Williams, Gardner and Igoe.- Kenya wildlife conservation policies and outcomes: Norton-Griffiths and Reid.- Staying Maasai: land use, livelihoods and wildlife change: Homewood, Kristjanson and Trench.
From the reviews: "This book is a product of a collaborative research programme 'Assessing trade-offs between poverty alleviation and wildlife conservation', and coordinated by the International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi. ! provides in-depth description of the methodological approaches taken in the analysing livelihoods in the case studies. ! this will provide a valuable resource for researchers developing similar studies. ! an extremely useful resource for scholars and students of pastoralism. ! The book is extremely densely and precisely written, and provides a comprehensive review of the literature." (Nicky Allsopp, African Journal of Range & Forage Science, Vol. 26 (3), 2009)
