This book is an English translation of "A Challenge of Nature Restoration from the Standpoint of Ecological Engineering" published in Japanese. It traces the environmental reform that has taken place in Japan in recent years, and describes ecological, legislative, and engineering responses to environmental impacts caused by civil engineering public works in areas of primary and secondary industries. The case studies reported here will be a useful guide to nature restoration projects in Japan, and valuable lessons can be gleaned from it for the sustainable management of ecosystems and biodiversity at a local level in other countries.