ZooKeys 450: A Taxonomic Monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

About this book

The Nearctic bark beetle genus Scolytus Geoffroy was revised based in part on a molecular and morphological phylogeny. Monophyly of the native species was tested using mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (28S, CAD, ArgK) genes and 43 morphological characters in parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Parsimony analyses of molecular and combined datasets provided mixed results while Bayesian analysis recovered most nodes with posterior probabilities >90%. Native hardwood- and conifer-feeding Scolytus species were recovered as paraphyletic. Native Nearctic species were recovered as paraphyletic with hardwood-feeding species sister to Palearctic hardwood-feeding species rather than to native conifer-feeding species. The Nearctic conifer-feeding species were monophyletic. Twenty-five species were recognized. Four new synonyms were discovered: S. praeceps LeConte, 1868 (= S. abietis Blackman, 1934; = S. opacus Blackman, 1934), S. reflexus Blackman, 1934 (= S. virgatus Bright, 1972; = S. wickhami Blackman, 1934). Two species were reinstated: S. fiskei Blackman, 1934 and S. silvaticus Bright, 1972. A diagnosis, description, distribution, host records and images were provided for each species and a key is presented to all species.

Contents

Natural history   4
Sexual dimorphism   8
Systematics   9
Taxonomic history   9
Materials   10
Morphology   10
Taxonomic characters   12
Taxa, DNA sequences and alignment   18
Methods   27
Species concept   27
Morphology   28
Molecular   28
Distribution mapping   31
Terminology   31
Phylogenetic results   35
Morphology   35
Mitochondrial COI   35
Combined analyses   35

Taxonomic treatment   38
A checklist of the Nearctic Scolytus species   38
Scolytus Geoffroy, 1762   39
Scolytus mali (Bechstein, 1805)   40
Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham, 1802)   45
Scolytus rugulosus (Müller, 1818)   50
Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, 1902   55
Native Hardwood clade   60
Scolytus fagi Walsh, 1867   60
Scolytus muticus Say, 1824   64
Scolytus quadrispinosus Say, 1824   69
Conifer clade   74
Scolytus aztecus Wood, 1967   74
Scolytus dentatus Bright, 1964   80
Scolytus fiskei Blackman, 1934, valid sp.   83
Scolytus hermosus Wood, 1968   90
Scolytus laricis Blackman, 1934   94
Scolytus monticolae (Swaine, 1917)   99
Scolytus mundus Wood, 1968   104
Scolytus obelus Wood, 1962   107
Scolytus oregoni Blackman, 1934   111
Scolytus piceae (Swaine, 1910)   114
Scolytus praeceps LeConte, 1876   120
Scolytus reflexus Blackman, 1934   127
Scolytus robustus Blackman, 1934   134
Scolytus silvaticus Bright, 1972 valid sp.   138
Scolytus subscaber LeConte, 1876   141
Scolytus tsugae (Swaine, 1917)   144
Scolytus unispinosus LeConte, 1876   149
Scolytus ventralis LeConte, 1868   156
Key to the Nearctic adults of Scolytus   161
Discussion   171
Acknowledgements   172
References   173

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