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Montenegrina Boettger, 1877 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) is one of the few obligate limestone-dwelling door snail genera that have territorially well-defined distribution areas in southeastern Europe. Its allopatric populations inhabit patchy karst outcrops which, in combination with limited active dispersal, provides favourable conditions for radiation into multiple, geographically separated, and morphologically diverse forms.
This paper provides a revision of all known Montenegrina taxa, as well as descriptions of 4 new species and 17 new subspecies. A junior homonym has been replaced by a new name. Montenegrina thus comprises 29 species and 106 subspecies, making it the second most speciose door snail genus in Europe. Of each taxon types or specimens from the type localities are figured, distribution maps and georeferenced locality data are provided.
Introduction 5
Methods 7
Systematic part 12
Genus Montenegrina Boettger, 1877 12
Montenegrina apfelbecki (Sturany, 1907) 15
Montenegrina attemsi (Wagner, 1914) 17
Montenegrina attemsi attemsi (Wagner, 1914) 18
Montenegrina attemsi jakupicensis Fauer, 1993 18
Montenegrina cattaroensis (Rossmässler, 1835) 19
Montenegrina cattaroensis cattaroensis (Rossmässler, 1835) 20
Montenegrina cattaroensis antivaricostata nom. n. 21
Montenegrina cattaroensis umbilicata (Boettger, 1879) 22
Montenegrina chiasma Nordsieck, 1972 23
Montenegrina dofleini (Wagner, 1928) 24
Montenegrina dofleini dofleini (Wagner, 1928) 24
Montenegrina dofleini fagorum Nordsieck, 1974 26
Montenegrina dofleini kastoriae Nordsieck, 1972 27
Montenegrina dofleini pinteri Nordsieck, 1974 28
Montenegrina dofleini prespaensis Nordsieck, 1988 29
Montenegrina dofleini sinosi Páll-Gergely, 2010 30
Montenegrina dofleini wagneri Szekeres, 2006 30
Montenegrina drimmeri Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 31
Montenegrina fuchsi Brandt, 1961 32
Montenegrina fuchsi fuchsi Brandt, 1961 32
Montenegrina fuchsi klemmi Brandt, 1962 34
Montenegrina fuchsi muranyii Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 35
Montenegrina fuchsi pallida Fauer, 1993 36
Montenegrina grammica Nordsieck, 1988 36
Montenegrina grammica grammica Nordsieck, 1988 37
Montenegrina grammica erosszoltani ssp. n. 37
Montenegrina grammica improvisa ssp. n. 38
Montenegrina haringae sp. n. 39
Montenegrina helvola (Küster, 1860) 40
Montenegrina helvola helvola (Küster, 1860) 41
Montenegrina helvola carinata Eross & Szekeres, 1999 42
Montenegrina helvola magna Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 42
Montenegrina helvola ornata Eross & Szekeres, 1999 44
Montenegrina helvola pageti Brandt, 1962 44
Montenegrina hiltrudae Nordsieck, 1972 45
Montenegrina hiltrudae hiltrudae Nordsieck, 1972 45
Montenegrina hiltrudae desaretica ssp. n. 47
Montenegrina hiltrudae costulata Eross & Szekeres, 2006 48
Montenegrina hiltrudae dennisi Gittenberger, 2002 48
Montenegrina hiltrudae densicostulata Nordsieck, 1974 49
Montenegrina hiltrudae fusca Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 51
Montenegrina hiltrudae maasseni Gittenberger, 2002 51
Montenegrina hiltrudae protruda Gittenberger, 2002 52
Montenegrina hiltrudae robusta Nordsieck, 2009 53
Montenegrina hiltrudae sattmanni Nordsieck, 1988 53
Montenegrina hiltrudae selcensis ssp. n. 54
Montenegrina janinensis (Mousson, 1859) 55
Montenegrina laxa (Küster, 1861) 56
Montenegrina laxa laxa (Küster, 1861) 57
Montenegrina laxa dedovi Nordsieck, 2009 61
Montenegrina laxa delii ssp. n. 61
Montenegrina laxa disjuncta Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 62
Montenegrina laxa errans Eross & Szekeres, 2006 62
Montenegrina laxa iba Nordsieck, 1972 63
Montenegrina laxa kontschani Eross & Szekeres, 2006 64
Montenegrina laxa lakmosensis Nordsieck, 2009 65
Montenegrina laxa miraka Nordsieck, 1996 65
Montenegrina lillae sp. n. 66
Montenegrina minuscula Eross & Szekeres, 2006 67
Montenegrina nana Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 68
Montenegrina nana nana Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 68
Montenegrina nana barinai ssp. n. 69
Montenegrina nana gracilis Eross & Szekeres, 2006 70
Montenegrina okolensis Szekeres, 2006 71
Montenegrina okolensis okolensis Szekeres, 2006 71
Montenegrina okolensis caesia Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 72
Montenegrina perstriata (Wagner, 1919) 74
Montenegrina perstriata perstriata (Wagner, 1919) 74
Montenegrina perstriata callistoma Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 75
Montenegrina perstriata diminuta Fehér & Szekeres, 1999 77
Montenegrina perstriata drimica Nordsieck, 1972 78
Montenegrina perstriata mavrovoensis Nordsieck, 2009 79
Montenegrina perstriata occidentalis Nordsieck, 1977 80
Montenegrina perstriata ochridensis (Wagner, 1925) 80
Montenegrina perstriata plenostoma Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 81
Montenegrina perstriata radikae Nordsieck, 1972 82
Montenegrina perstriata steffeki Eross & Szekeres, 2006 83
Montenegrina perstriata subcristatula Nordsieck, 1977 83
Montenegrina perstriata tenebrosa Nordsieck, 2009 84
Montenegrina prokletiana sp. n. 85
Montenegrina prokletiana prokletiana ssp. n. 85
Montenegrina prokletiana kovacsorum ssp. n. 86
Montenegrina rugilabris (Mousson, 1859) 87
Montenegrina rugilabris rugilabris (Mousson, 1859) 88
Montenegrina rugilabris edmundi Szekeres, 2006 88
Montenegrina rugilabris golikutensis ssp. n. 89
Montenegrina rugilabris gregoi ssp. n. 91
Montenegrina rugilabris irmengardis Klemm, 1962 93
Montenegrina rugilabris lambdaformis Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990 93
Montenegrina rugilabris welterschultesi Fehér & Szekeres, 1999 94
Montenegrina skipetarica (Soós, 1924) 95
Montenegrina skipetarica skipetarica (Soós, 1924) 95
Montenegrina skipetarica csikii Eross & Szekeres, 2006 97
Montenegrina skipetarica danyii ssp. n. 98
Montenegrina skipetarica ersekensis Nordsieck, 1996 99
Montenegrina skipetarica flava Eross & Szekeres, 2006 100
Montenegrina skipetarica gurelurensis ssp. n. 101
Montenegrina skipetarica konitsae Nordsieck, 1972 102
Montenegrina skipetarica nobilis Eross & Szekeres, 2006 102
Montenegrina skipetarica pifkoi ssp. n. 103
Montenegrina skipetarica pindica Nordsieck, 1988 104
Montenegrina skipetarica puskasi ssp. n. 105
Montenegrina skipetarica remota Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 106
Montenegrina skipetarica rugosa Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 106
Montenegrina skipetarica thysi Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1988 107
Montenegrina skipetarica voidomatis Nordsieck, 1974 108
Montenegrina soosi Eross & Szekeres, 2006 108
Montenegrina sporadica Nordsieck, 1974 109
Montenegrina sporadica sporadica Nordsieck, 1974 110
Montenegrina sporadica tropojana ssp. n. 111
Montenegrina stankovici (Urbanski, 1960) 111
Montenegrina sturanyana sp. n. 112
Montenegrina sturanyana sturanyana ssp. n. 113
Montenegrina sturanyana gropana ssp. n. 114
Montenegrina sturanyana ostrovicensis ssp. n. 114
Montenegrina subcristata (Pfeiffer, 1848) 116
Montenegrina timeae Eross & Szekeres, 2006 122
Montenegrina tomorosi Brandt, 1961 123
Montenegrina tomorosi tomorosi Brandt, 1961 124
Montenegrina tomorosi ampla Fehér & Szekeres, 2006 125
Montenegrina tomorosi coerulescens Nordsieck, 1996 126
Montenegrina tomorosi hunyadii ssp. n. 127
Montenegrina zilchi Nordsieck, 1974 127
Discussion 128
Acknowledgements 131
References 132