Across the world, invasive species pose a danger to ecosystems. The UN Convention on Biological Diversity ranks them as a major threat to biodiversity on par with habitat loss, climate change and pollution.
Tackling this isn't easy, and no one knows this better than Hugh Warwick, a conservationist who loathes the idea of killing, harming or even eating animals. Yet as an ecologist, he is acutely aware of the need, at times, to kill invasive species whose presence harms the wider environment.
Hugh explores the complex history of species control, revealing the global movement of species and the impacts of their presence. Combining scientific theory with gentle humour in his signature style, he explains the issues conservationists face to control non-native animals and protect native species – including grey and red squirrels on Anglesey, ravens and tortoises in the Mojave Desert, cane toads in Australia and the smooth-billed ani on the Galapagos – and describes cases like Pablo Escobar's cocaine hippos and the Burmese python pet trade.
Taking a balanced and open approach to this emotive subject, Hugh speaks to experts on all sides of the debate. How do we protect endangered native species? Which species do we prioritise? And how do we reckon with the ethics of killing anything in the name of conservation?
Introduction
Chapter One: Hedgehogs
Aside: Cane toads
Chapter Two: Residents
Aside: Capercaillie and the pine marten
Chapter Three: Squirrels
Aside: Deer
Chapter Four: Lundy
Aside: Dormice
Chapter Five: Scilly
Aside: Galapagos
Chapter Six: Orkney
Aside: Raccoons
Chapter Seven: Minkicide
Aside: Pythons
Chapter Eight: Keepers
Aside: Cocaine hippos
Chapter Nine: New Zealand
Aside: Scottish wildcat
Chapter Ten: Compassionate conservation
Aside: Fortress conservation
Chapter Eleven: Manifesto for ethically consistent conservation
Acknowledgements
Index
Hugh Warwick is an ecologist, writer and hedgehog expert. He is the author of three non-fiction narratives: A Prickly Affair, The Beauty in the Beast and Linescapes, and two books on hedgehogs and beavers. He has written for BBC Wildlife, New Scientist, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph, and has spoken about wildlife protection on national television and radio. Hugh is the spokesperson for the Hedgehog Preservation Society and runs courses on hedgehog conservation.
– Longlisted for the 2024 James Cropper Wainwright Prize for Writing on Global Conservation
"Fascinating, intelligent and indispensable: Hugh Warwick tackles a crucial and difficult subject that has been avoided for far too long, and does so with style, insight and verve."
– George Monbiot
"Is killing for conservation right or wrong? There might be no easy answer, but Hugh Warwick employs honest and intelligent questioning in a fruitful, fascinating exploration of one of the skeletons in conservation's cupboard."
– Chris Packham
"It's hard to think of a more companionable guide to some of conservation's thorniest thickets than Hugh Warwick. Cull of the Wild is a journey navigated with courage, curiosity and compassion. Every nature lover should read it."
– Amy-Jane Beer
"With his customary good humour and grace, Hugh Warwick has tackled the knotted issues entailed in the control and culling of so-called pest species. While he might conclude that the matters themselves are invariably complex, his own approach is always clear and grounded in deep reflection."
– Mark Cocker
"The perfect introduction to the darker side of conservation, which Hugh Warwick explains with reverence and humour. A must read!"
– Kate Bradbury
"A fascinating, readable book."
– Nature
"A crucially important book on a huge and urgent subject. Hugh Warwick is the perfect person to deal with this difficult and controversial issue, which few, if any, others would be brave enough to tackle."
– Stephen Moss
"Engagingly written, challenging and fabulously nuanced."
– Geographical
"This is a fascinating book which speaks volumes about its author: his tremendous erudition, his huge range of experience, his wit, his bonhomie, and above all his humility and determination to live as ethically as life allows."
– Nick Acheson
"Hugh's approach is heartfelt and balanced [...] his book will force everyone to reconsider how they feel about the widespread mindset behind this controversial and recurring approach to conservation."
– Marc Bekoff
"Timely [...] well written and researched."
– Simon Lester, Country Life
"Warwick gives an expertly researched, engaging and even-handed account of the complexities involved in the decision to "control" – that is, kill or eradicate – everything from grey squirrels to hedgehogs and pythons."
– BBC Wildlife
"An eye-opening book taking a balanced look at an emotive subject."
– Bird Watching
"Cuts through the prejudice and passions that many of us bring to the debate about culling [...] Hugh Warwick maintains a balanced and honest perspective throughout."
– Mike Toms, British Wildlife 35(7), June 2024
"[Hugh Warwick] invites the reader to step back with him, to put aside preconceptions and prejudices in order to gain a better understanding of the ethical and practical challenges of trying to save species."
– Charlie Elder, Western Morning News
"Monumental."
– Washington Independent Review of Books
"Warwick's searching meditation on the ethical uncertainties surrounding culling [...] brings clarity and insight to a fraught subject."
– Publishers Weekly
"A thoughtful analysis of how to accommodate animal rights in an era of unprecedented environmental change."
– Kirkus Reviews
"[Hugh Warwick] writes with striking honesty [...] The final chapter is a masterclass in the psychology of the often brutal relationships between human and non-human animal life."
– Richard Negus, The Critic
"Cull of the Wild will be an interesting, worthwhile read for any invasion scientist."
– Biological Invasions