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A single source reference covering every aspect of biotechnology, Biotechnology Fundamentals, Second Edition breaks down the basic fundamentals of this discipline, and highlights both conventional and modern approaches unique to the industry. In addition to recent advances and updates relevant to the first edition, the revised work also covers ethics in biotechnology and discusses career possibilities in this growing field.
Biotechnology Fundamentals begins with a basic introduction of biotechnology, moves on to more complex topics, and provides relevant examples along the way. Each chapter begins with a brief summary, is illustrated by simple line diagrams, pictures, and tables, and ends with a question session, an assignment, and field trip information. The author also discusses the connection between plant breeding, cheese making, in vitro fertilization, alcohol fermentation, and biotechnology.
Comprised of 15 chapters, this seminal work offers in-depth coverage of topics that include:
- Genes and Genomics
- Proteins and Proteomics
- Recombinant DNA Technology
- Microbial Biotechnology
- Agricultural Biotechnology
- Animal Biotechnology
- Environmental Biotechnology
- Medical Biotechnology
- Nanobiotechnology
- Product Development in Biotechnology
- Industrial Biotechnology
- Ethics in Biotechnology
- Careers in Biotechnology
- Laboratory Tutorials
Biotechnology Fundamentals, Second Edition provides a complete introduction of biotechnology to students taking biotechnology or life science courses and offers a detailed overview of the fundamentals to anyone in need of comprehensive information on the subject.
Introduction to Biotechnology
- Learning Objectives
- What Is Biotechnology?
- Animal Biotechnology
- Agricultural Biotechnology
- Medical Biotechnology
- Industrial Biotechnology
- Environmental Biotechnology
- Other Emerging Fields of Biotechnology
- History of Biotechnology
- Human Genome Project
- Major Scientific Discoveries in Biotechnology
- Biotechnology as the Science of Integration
- Bio-Revolution
- Ethical and Regulatory Issues in Biotechnology
- Future of Biotechnology
- Problems
- Assignment
- Online Resources
- References and Further Reading
Genes and Genomics
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Cell as the Building Block of Life
- Classification of Cells
- Prokaryotic Cell
- Eukaryotic Cell
- Extracellular Organization
- Cell Membrane
- Cell Capsule
- Flagella
- Intracellular Organization
- Macromolecules
- Genes and Genetics
- Cell Division
- DNA Replication
- DNA Interactions with Proteins
- DNA-Modifying Enzymes
- DNA Methylation
- DNA Mutation
- Tools of Biotechnology
- Problems
- Assignment
- References and Further Reading
Proteins and Proteomics
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Significance of Proteins
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Structure
- Protein Folding
- Protein Modification
- Protein Transport
- Protein Dysfunction and Degradation
- Regulation of Protein Synthesis
- Regulatory Protein
- Methods for Protein Analysis
- Protein Purification
- Tools of Proteomics
- Problems
- Assignment
- References and Further Reading
Recombinant DNA Technology
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Making of Recombinant DNA
- Significance of Recombinant DNA Technology
- Role of Restriction Enzymes in rDNA Technology
- Steps in Gene Cloning
- Synthesis of Complete Gene
- Polymerase Chain Reaction and Gene Cloning
- Significance of Vectors in Recombinant DNA Technology
- Classification of Vectors
- Integration of the DNA Insert into the Vector
- Introduction of the Recombinant DNA into the Suitable Host
- Increased Competence of E. Coli by CaCl2 Treatment
- Infection by Recombinant DNAs Packaged as Virions
- Selection of Recombinant Clones
- Identification of Clones Having Recombinant DNAs
- Selection of Clone Containing a Specific DNA Insert
- Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
- DNA Sequencing
- Microarrays
- DNA Chips
- Isolation of Desired DNA
- cDNA Library
- Preparation of cDNA
- Genomic Library
- DNA Libraries
- Chemical Synthesis Gene
- Applications of Synthetic Oligonucleotides
- Problems
- Assignments
- References and Further Reading
Microbial Biotechnology
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Structural Organization of Microbes
- Microbial Metabolism
- Microbial Growth
- Microbial Genetics
- Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
- Transposable Genetic Elements
- Use of E. Coli in Microbial Cloning
- Pathogenic Bacteria
- Application of Microbes
- Food Microbiology
- Microbial Biotechnology
- Problems
- References and Further Reading
Agricultural Biotechnology
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Plant Breeding
- Plant Diseases
- Applications of Molecular and Genetic Tools in Agriculture
- Herbicide-Tolerant Plants
- Pigmentation in Transgenic Plants
- Altering the Food Content of Plants
- Gene Transfer Methods in Plants
- Target Cells for Gene Transformation
- Vectors for Gene Transfer
- Transformation Techniques Using Agrobacterium
- Glucuronidase Gene
- Agroinfection and Gene Transfer
- DNA-Mediated Gene Transfer
- Electroporation for Gene Transfer
- Liposome-Mediated Gene Transfer
- Gene Transformation Using Pollen
- Application of Transgenic Plants
- How Safe Are Transgenic Plants?
- Bioengineered Plants
- Genetically Modified Maize
- Terminator Technology
- Problems
- Assignment
- References and Further Reading
Animal Biotechnology
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- History of the Use of Animals in Research
- Drug Testing in Animals Is Mandatory
- Most Commonly Used Animals in Research
- Application of Animal Models
- Animal Models
- Animal Biotechnology
- Regulations of Animal Testing
- Alternatives to Animal Testing
- Problems
- Assignment
- References and Further Reading
Environmental Biotechnology
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Factors Affecting the Environment
- Global Warming
- Carbon Footprint
- Destruction of Forests
- Air Pollution
- Major Carbon Dioxide Emission Countries
- Greenhouse Effect
- Acid Rain
- Ocean Acidification
- Health Hazards Due to Pollution
- Environment Protection by Biotechnology
- Bioremediation
- Mycoremediation
- Wastewater Treatment
- Pretreatment Phase
- Screening Phase
- Sedimentation Phase
- Secondary Treatment Phase
- Activated Sludge
- Filter Beds
- Biological Aerated Filters
- Nutrient Removal
- Nitrogen Removal
- Phosphorus Removal
- Disinfection of Wastewater
- Sludge Disposal
- Biofuels
- Biodiesel
- Biogas
- Bioalcohols
- Bioethers
- Syngas
- Solid Biofuels
- Second-Generation Biofuels
- Third-Generation Biofuels
- International Biofuel Efforts
- Future of Biofuels
- Biodegradable Plastic
- Biodegradation by Bacteria
- Oil-Eating Bacteria
- Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation
- Bioleaching
- Single-Cell Protein and Biomass from Waste
- Vermitechnology
- Biosorption
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Algae
- Genetically Engineered Organisms
- Problems
- Debate
- Field Visit
- References and Further Reading
Medical Biotechnology
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Antibody Production
- Therapeutic Proteins
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Bioengineered Skin
- Bioengineered Organ Transplantation
- Gene Therapy
- Molecular Diagnostics
- Artificial Blood
- Organ Transplant
- Cloning
- Questions
- Assignment
- References and Further Reading
Nanobiotechnology
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Nanotechnology
- Nanobiotechnology
- Applications of Nanobiotechnology
- Nanotechnology in the Food Industry
- Water Pollution and Nanotechnology
- Research Trends
- Problems
- References and Further Reading
Product Development in Biotechnology
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Methods of Scientific Inquiry
- Commercialization of Scientific Discovery
- Business Plan
- Biotechnology Product Development
- Phases of Biotechnology Product Development
- Biotechnology Entrepreneurship
- Biotechnology Industry: Facts and Figures
- Formation of a New Biotechnology Company
- Successful Bioentrepreneurship
- Biotechnology Products and Intellectual Property Rights
- Biotechnology Stock Investment: Pros and Cons
- Marketing Trends in Biotechnology
- Role of Regulators in Biotechnology Product Development
- Certification and Accreditation
- Problems
- References and Further Reading
Industrial Biotechnology
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Fermenter or Bioreactor
- Principle of Fermentation
- Production of Biomolecules Using Fermenter Technology
- Development Process of Microbial Products
- Upstream Bioprocess
- Downstream Bioprocess
- Bioprocess Automation
- Industrial Application of Microbes
- Industrial Production of Healthcare Products
- Problems
- References and Further Reading
Ethics in Biotechnology
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Genetically Modified Foods and Plants
- Use of Animals as Experimental Models
- Use of Humans as Experimental Models
- Xenotransplantation
- Genetic Screening
- Biometrics
- DNA Fingerprinting
- Organ Donation and Transplantation
- Euthanasia
- Neuroethics
- Assisted Reproductive Technology
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research
- Questions
- Assignments
- References and Further Reading
Careers in Biotechnology
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Education and Investment in Biotechnology
- Research and Development in Biotechnology
- Biotechnology Industry and Products
- Biotechnology Status in the United States
- Career Opportunities in Biotechnology
- Entry-Level Job Positions in Biotechnology
- Administration
- Which Job Is Good For Me?
- Why Are R&D Jobs the Most Challenging?
- Salary and Incentives in Biotechnology
- Problems
- Assignments
- Field Visit
- References and Further Reading
Laboratory Tutorials
- Laboratory Experiments
- Laboratory Safety
- Good Laboratory Practices for Biotechnology Labs
- General Laboratory Techniques
- General Principles of Animal Handling
- Animal Anesthesia
- Animal Histology
- Blood Collection in Animals
- Histology and Microscopy
- Separation Techniques
- Microbiology Techniques
- Biochemistry Techniques
- Molecular Techniques
- Genetic Techniques
- Agricultural Biotechnology
- Microbial Biotechnology
Firdos Alam Khan is a professor and chairperson of the School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). He earned his PhD from Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, in 1997. He has more than 21 years of research and teaching experience in various domains of biotechnology. His area of expertise includes stem cell technology and neuroscience. He has written numerous articles in various national and international journals in the areas of neuroscience, neuropharmcology, and stem cell biology, and has been an editorial board member of the EC Microbiology and MOJ Immunology scientific journals.
"Dr. Khan's Biotechnology Fundamentals serves as a great introduction to the field; presenting the various topics with clear definitions along with real-world examples and applications. In this second edition, Dr. Khan has included an introduction to several new exciting interdisciplinary areas such as biorobotics, biomimetics and epigenetics. These are all relatively new areas in biotechnology that show great promise and are exciting areas to explore."
– Alexandra Gorgevska, Palm Beach State College, Lake Worth, Florida, USA
