These thirty-eight papers, from the Second International Meeting of Anthrocology held in Paris in 2000, include both theoretical discussions of the methodologies involved in current charcoal analysis and a large number of case studies which examine types of environments and wood use. The papers are divided into the following sections: statistics, taphonomy and processing of data, new applications, man-plant relationships in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene, multi-disciplinary botanical approaches, charcoal burning sites, new integration of charcoal analysis in the reconstruction of landscapes and uses of wood. Case studies are drawn from Iberia, France, Eurasia, Italy, Greece, Croatia, West Africa, the Euphrates, Oman, South America, Germany, Polynesia, Egypt and Canada.