Deep Earth Physics and Chemistry of the Lower Mantle and Core

About this book

The Deep Earth: Physics and Chemistry of the Lower Mantle and Core highlights recent advances and the latest views of the deep Earth from theoretical, experimental, and observational approaches and offers insight into future research directions on the deep Earth. In recent years, we have just reached a stage where we can perform measurements at the conditions of the center part of the Earth using state-of-the-art techniques, and many reports on the physical and chemical properties of the deep Earth have come out very recently. Novel theoretical models have been complementary to this breakthrough. These new inputs enable us to compare directly with results of precise geophysical and geochemical observations. This volume highlights the recent significant advancements in our understanding of the deep Earth that have occurred as a result, including contributions from mineral/rock physics, geophysics, and geochemistry that relate to the topics of:

I. Thermal structure of the lower mantle and core
II. Structure, anisotropy, and plasticity of deep Earth materials
III. Physical properties of the deep interior
IV. Chemistry and phase relations in the lower mantle and core
V. Volatiles in the deep Earth

The Deep Earth: Physics and Chemistry of the Lower Mantle and Core is a valuable resource for researchers and students who study the Earth's interior. The topics of this volume are multidisciplinary, and therefore will be useful to students from a wide variety of fields in the Earth Sciences.

Contents

Contributors vii
Preface ix

Part I: Thermal Strucure of Deep Earth 1
1 Melting of Fe Alloys and the Thermal Structure of the Core
      Rebecca A. Fischer 3
2 Temperature of the Lower Mantle and Core Based on Ab Initio Mineral Physics Data
      Taku Tsuchiya, Kenji Kawai, Xianlong Wang, Hiroki Ichikawa, and Haruhiko Dekura 13
3 Heat Transfer in the Core and Mantle
      Abby Kavner and Emma S. G. Rainey 31
4 Thermal State and Evolution of the Earth Core and Deep Mantle
      Stéphane Labrosse 43

Part II: Structures, Anisotropy, and Plasticity of Deep Earth Materials 55
5 Crystal Structures of Core Materials
      Razvan Caracas 57
6 Crystal Structures of Minerals in the Lower Mantle
      June K. Wicks and Thomas S. Duffy 69
7 Deformation of Core and Lower Mantle Materials
      Sébastien Merkel and Patrick Cordier 89
8 Using Mineral Analogs to Understand the Deep Earth
      Simon A. T. Redfern 101

Part III: Physical Properties of Deep Interior 111
9 Ground Truth: Seismological Properties of the Core
      George Helffrich 113
10 Physical Properties of the Inner Core
      Daniele Antonangeli 121
11 Physical Properties of the Outer Core
      Hidenori Terasaki 129

Part IV: Chemistry and Phase Relations of Deep Interior 143
12 The Composition of the Lower Mantle and Core
      William F. McDonough 145
13 Metal-Silicate Partitioning of Siderophile Elements and Core-Mantle Segregation
      Kevin Righter 161
14 Mechanisms and Geochemical Models of Core Formation
      David C. Rubie and Seth A. Jacobson 181
15 Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamics of Core Materials
      Andrew J. Campbell  191
16 Chemistry of Core-Mantle Boundary
      John W. Hernlund  201
17 Phase Transition and Melting in the Deep Lower Mantle
      Kei Hirose  209
18 Chemistry of the Lower Mantle
      Daniel J. Frost and Robert Myhill 225
19 Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamics of Lower Mantle Materials
      Susannah M. Dorfman  241

Part V: Volatiles in Deep Interior 253
20 Hydrogen in the Earth's Core: Review of the Structural, Elastic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Iron-Hydrogen Alloys
      Caitlin A. Murphy 255
21 Stability of Hydrous Minerals and Water Reservoirs in the Deep Earth Interior
      Eiji Ohtani, Yohei Amaike, Seiji Kamada, Itaru Ohira, and Izumi Mashino 265
22 Carbon in the Core
      Bin Chen and Jie Li  277

Index 289

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