Water Pollution IX

About this book

Water pollution is a subject of growing public concern. The environmental problems caused by the increase of pollutant loads discharged into natural water bodies require the setting out of frameworks for regulation and control. The scientific community has responded to the need for studies capable of relating pollutant discharge with changes in water quality. The results of these studies are permitting industries to employ more efficient methods of controlling and treating waste loads, and water authorities to enforce stricter regulations regarding this matter. Environmental problems are essentially interdisciplinary. Engineers and scientists working in this field must be familiar with a wide range of issues including the physical processes of mixing and dilution, chemical and biological processes, mathematical modelling, data acquisition and measurement to name but a few.

This book contains papers presented at the Ninth International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Water Pollution and includes the following topics: coastal areas and seas; lakes and rivers; groundwater and aquifer issues; oil spills; agricultural contamination; environmental monitoring and sensing; experimental and laboratory work; mathematical and physical modelling; wastewater treatment; pollution prevention; remote sensing applications; novel techniques for water treatment; low cost technologies; pharmaceutical and pesticides; remediation; bioaccumulation; and micropollutant prevention in drinking water.

Contents

Section 1: Coastal areas, lakes and rivers Planning an integral drainage system for a coastal area; Preliminary analysis of water pollution in a small lake in Western Mexico; Pattern recognition of grazing dynamics in response to fish removal (Lake Wolderwijd, Netherlands) using non-supervised artificial neural networks; Stream rehabilitation - impact on water quality and long-term effectiveness in an urban environment; Levels of trace metals in water and sediment from the Tecate-Tijuana River; Dynamic nutrient modelling of a large river basin in Finland; A model of water quality in a coal mine in the Western Blue Mountains of NSW, Australia Section 2: Groundwater and aquifer issues Overexploitation and water quality in the Crevillente aquifer (Alicante, SE Spain); Determination of the spreading-velocity of nitroaromatic compounds in aquifers represented on the basis of column tests under in situ conditions; Role of high mountain areas in catchment hydromineral resources - Northern/Central Portugal: environmental issues; Organic pollutants in groundwater: remediation by nanoscale iron particles; Experimental research and mathematical modelling of soil and groundwater contamination with nitrogen compounds; Groundwater contaminations - the use of LC-NMR and LC-MS to characterize the scope of polar contaminants; Characterization of groundwater resources degradation at Santiago Island (Cabo Verde) ascribed to isotopic and geochemical signatures; A comparative study of two groundwater treatment pilot plants; Adsorption and desorption characteristics of fluoride in the calcareous and siliceous sand sheet aquifers of south-west Victoria, Australia; Assessments of infiltration rate and effects on water quality of selected infiltration media for use in storm water run off in Karachi, Pakistan Section 3: Environmental monitoring and sensing Development of a sliding device for extended measurements in coastal waters; A State of the ArtA" environmental monitoring and sensing network for the Nile River in Egypt; An automation system based on LabVIEW to control the test of mechanical flow meters; Monitoring of pulp mill effluents in the coastal waters of North Estonia; Distribution of chlorides and sulfates in the aeration zone of coal waste landfill - sulfides decomposition kinetics and ground water acidification; Screening of priority pollutants in urban stormwater: innovative methodology Section 4: Remediation Adsorption of zinc, cadmium and nickel from aqueous solutions using ground water sludge (GWS); Remediation and by-products of MTBE in groundwater by a photochemical process; Biodegradation of pharmaceuticals by common microorganisms; The recalcitrance of clofibric acid to microbial degradation Section 5: Experimental and laboratory work Hydrochemical evaluation of the quality of some Brazilian waters; Degradation of chlorinated butenes and butadienes by granular iron; Characteristics of flow rate, head loss and basket pressure drop relationship in a Rocla Versa Trap (VT) stormwater pollutant trap (SPT) in a 3-D laboratory scale model Section 6: Mathematical modelling Modeling environmental impact on sediment caused by discharges deposited on the sea floor; Theoretical evaluation of substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as emerging pollutant phototoxins; Application of dynamic parametric sensitivity analysis for identifying contaminant sources in a watershed; Washoff model of total suspended particles in urban areas; Agrochemical modeling in rivers: the Sampaio irrigation project case study; Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes Section 7: Oil spills Oil spill boom modelling by the finite-element method; An integrated system for a real time fight against maritime and coastal pollution with environmental data acquisition, pollutant spillages modelling and risk management Section 8: Wastewater treatment Thermal degradation of organic pollutants in sewage sludge; Problems in the economic management of the water treatment process in Spain; Volatile organic compounds released from thermal drying of sewage sludge; The degradation of phenol derivates from wastewaters by electrochemical treatment; Dissolved organic carbon removal by biological treatment; Biological ammonia removal from drinking water in fluidized bed reactors; Uranium recovery and manganese removal from acid mine drainage; Removal of mercury(II) from wastewater using poly(vinyl pyrrolidinone); Effect of physical and chemical parameters on water treatment plant effluent quality (particle count and particle size); Study of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in different types of membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluents; The influence of dissolved oxygen on growth and degradation of Cypermethrin by Pseudomonas using a biosimulator; Disinfection efficiency of secondary effluents with ultraviolet light in a Mediterranean area; Effect of the start-up length on the biological nutrient removal process; Volatile fatty acids production from winery wastewaters by acidogenic fermentation; Field applications of cyclodextrin-aided sludge dewatering; Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater with iron electrodes Section 9: Low cost technologies Design of horizontal and vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands treating industrial wastewater; Humic acid sorption properties of calcium-rich derivatives of Neapolitan Yellow Tuff; Evaluation of Posidonia oceanica and organic sediment as biosorbents: Cu removal in fixed bed columns Section 10: Agricultural contamination Effect of recycled water on the soil physical-chemical properties of four vineyards in Great Western, Victoria, Australia; Hydrosalinity fluxes in a small scale catchment of the Berg river (South Africa) Section 11: Pollution prevention Pollution prevention in food industries through both cleaning of closed equipment with ozonated water and cleaning in place (CIP) systems; Farmstead drinking water sources, concerns and safety practices of livestock farm families in southern Alberta, Canada

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