The taxonomy and nomenclature of the species of Calliphoridae of Fennoscandia, Denmark and neighbouring parts of the Karelian U.S.S.R. are revised and their distribution catalogued. Male and female genitalia are illustrated in detail, many of them for the first time, and are exploited at all taxonomic levels. A new subfamily classification is proposed in which 8 subfamilies are recognised: Calliphorinae, Chrysomyinae, Helicoboscinae, Luciliinae, Melanomyinae, Polleniinae, Rhiniinae and Rhinophorinae. The species of Rhinophorinae are not dealt with. Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy is transferred to the Polleniinae. Angioneura Brauer & Bergenstamm, Eggisops Rondani, Melanomya Rondani and Melinda Robineau-Desvoidy are united as the Melanomyinae. The monophyly of the subfamilies has been largely established on the basis of the structure of the female genitalia. 17 genera and 52 species are recognised and keys to all taxa are provided. 75 primary types (holotypes, lectotypes, neotypes) have been examined and 31 lectotypes have been designated. Neotypes have been designated for 6 nominal taxa: Musca amentaria Scopoli, Onesia viarum Robineau-Desvoidy, Onesia vulgaris Robineau-Desvoidy, Onesia viridicyanea Robineau-Desvoidy, Pollenia labialis Robineau-Desvoidy and Polleniella griseotomentosa Jacentkovský. 50 specific and 4 generic synonyms and 7 new combinations have been established. A few previously unrecognised old names have been brought into use. The name Bellardia vespillo (Fabricius) is used for a recently re-discovered species. Bellardia pubicornis (Zetterstedt) is recorded as new for the fauna of the U.S.S.R. Pollenia labialis Robineau-Desvoidy (= intermedia: authors) is reported for the first time from the Nearctic Region.