Volcanism and Global Environmental Change

About this book

Covering a key connection between geological processes and life on Earth, this multidisciplinary volume describes the effects of volcanism on the environment by combining present-day observations of volcanism and environmental changes with information from past eruptions preserved in the geologic record. Volcanism and Global Environmental Change discusses the origins, features and timing of volumetrically large volcanic eruptions; methods for assessing gas and tephra release in the modern day and the palaeo-record; and the impacts of volcanic gases and aerosols on the environment, from ozone depletion to mass extinctions. The significant advances that have been made in recent years in quantifying and understanding the impacts of present and past volcanic eruptions are presented and review chapters are included, making this a valuable book for academic researchers and graduate students in volcanology, climate science, palaeontology, atmospheric chemistry, and igneous petrology.

Contents

Preface
List of contributors

Part I. Large Volume Volcanism: Origins, Features, and Timing
1. Large Igneous Provinces and explosive basaltic volcanism Ingrid Ukstins Peate and Linda Elkins-Tanton
2. On the nature and consequences of super-eruptions Clive Oppenheimer and Amy Donovan
3. Large Igneous Province locations and their connections with the core mantle boundary Trond H. Torsvik and Kevin Burke
4. High-precision U/Pb geochronology of Phanerozoic Large Igneous Provinces Seth Burgess, Terrence J. Blackburn and Samuel A. Bowring
5. Volcanic pulses in the Siberian Traps as inferred from Permo-Triassic geomagnetic secular variations Volodia Pavlov, Frédéric Fluteau, Roman Veselovskiy, Anna Fetisova, A. Latyshev, Linda Elkins-Tanton, Alexander Sobolev and Nadezhda Krivolutskaya

Part II. Assessing Gas and Tephra Release in the Present Day and Paleo-Record
6. Volcanic gas monitoring Alessandro Aiuppa
7. Remote sensing of volcanic ash and sulphur dioxide Fred Prata and Gemma Prata
8. Quantification of volcanic reactive halogen emissions Ulrich Platt and Nicole Bobrowski
9. Satellite and aircraft-based techniques to measure volcanic emissions and hazards David Pieri
10. The origin of gases that caused the Permian-Triassic extinction Nick Arndt, Alexander Sobolev, Nadezhda Krivolutskaya, Dimitry V. Kuzmin and Stephan V. Sobolev
11. Volatile release from flood basalt eruptions: understanding the potential environmental effects Stephen Self, Lori Glaze, Anja Schmidt and Tamsin A. Mather
12. Volatile generation and release from continental Large Igneous Provinces Henrik Svensen, Kirsten Fristad, Alexander Polozov and Sverre Planke

Part III. Modes of Volcanically-Induced Global Environmental Change
13. Volcanism, the atmosphere, and climate through time Anja Schmidt and Alan Robock
14. Volcanic emissions: short-term perturbations, long-term consequences and global environmental change Tamsin A. Mather and David M. Pyle
15. Evidence for volcanism triggering extinctions: a short history of IPGP contributions with emphasis on paleomagnetism Vincent Courtillot, Frédéric Fluteau and Jean Besse
16. Halogen release from Plinian eruptions and depletion of stratospheric ozone Kirstin Krüger, Steffen Kutterolf and Thor H. Hansteen
17. The environmental and climatic impacts of volcanic ash deposition Morgan Jones
18. Oceanic anoxia during the Permian-Triassic transition and links to volcanism Ellen Schaal, Katja Meyer, Jonathan Payne, Kimberley Lau and Juan Carlos Silva-Tamayo
19. Spatial and temporal patterns of ocean acidification during the end-Permian mass extinction: an Earth system model evaluation Ying Cui, Lee Kump and Andy Ridgwell
20. Environmental effects of Large Igneous Province magmatism: a Siberian perspective Benjamin Black, Jean-François Lamarque, Christine Shields, Linda Elkins-Tanton and Jeffrey T. Kiehl

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Biography

Dr Anja Schmidt is an Academic Research Fellow at the School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, quantifying the effects of volcanism on the atmosphere, the climate system and society by combining volcanological datasets and atmospheric modelling. Dr Schmidt has been awarded a University of Leeds Research Scholarship, as well as a Springer Thesis Prize for her PhD work on modelling tropospheric volcanic aerosols.

Dr Kirsten Fristad is a NASA Postdoctoral Fellow at the NASA Ames Research Center, investigating the role of volcanism and hydrothermal activity on life and environmental change. Active in field-based research, she spent two seasons field-testing Mars Curiosity Rover instruments in Svalbard, and received a Fulbright Fellowship to study in Norway.

Dr Linda Elkins-Tanton is Director of the School of Earth and Space Exploration at Arizona State University. Her research interests include silicate melting and solidification processes, planetary formation and early evolution, and the formation of large volcanic provinces. She is a two-time National Academy of Sciences Kavli Frontiers of Science Fellow, and now sits on the National Academy Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science.


Contributors:
- Ingrid Ukstins Peate
- Linda Elkins-Tanton
- Clive Oppenheimer
- Amy Donovan
- Trond H. Torsvik
- Kevin Burke
- Seth Burgess
- Terrence J. Blackburn
- Samuel A. Bowring
- Volodia Pavlov
- Frédéric Fluteau
- Roman Veselovskiy
- Anna Fetisova
- A. Latyshev
- Alexander Sobolev
- Nadezhda Krivolutskaya
- Alessandro Aiuppa
- Fred Prata
- Gemma Prata
- Ulrich Platt
- Nicole Bobrowski
- David Pieri
- Nick Arndt
- Dimitry V. Kuzmin
- Stephan V. Sobolev
- Stephen Self
- Lori Glaze
- Anja Schmidt
- Tamsin A. Mather
- Henrik Svensen
- Kirsten Fristad
- Alexander Polozov
- Sverre Planke
- Alan Robock
- David M. Pyle
- Vincent Courtillot
- Jean Besse
- Kirstin Krüger
- Steffen Kutterolf
- Thor H. Hansteen
- Morgan Jones
- Ellen Schaal
- Katja Meyer
- Jonathan Payne
- Kimberley Lau
- Juan Carlos Silva-Tamayo
- Ying Cui
- Lee Kump
- Andy Ridgwell
- Benjamin Black
- Jean-François Lamarque
- Christine Shields
- Jeffrey T. Kiehl