Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

About this book

An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics provides a balanced introduction for undergraduate engineers to all of the tools used for solving fluid mechanics problems today, and gives a foundation for further study of this important and exciting field. The book emphasises a visual presentation of fluid dynamics through classic kinematic concepts and demonstrates the importance of flow simulation. An additional feature of our coverage is that the student begins to appreciate the wealth of information available from skillful post-processing of CFD simulations. Simple, but effective, case studies on pipe flow, drag on spheres and cylinders, lift and drag on airfoils, and other topics introduce empirical results early in the text. The student learns more and more about the source of the empirical rules presented in the case studies as they are revisited throughout, showing the student how advanced methods contribute to a deeper understanding of a flow than can be gained from empirical methods alone. The final chapters cover common applications of fluid mechanics. It is here that students see how analytical, empirical, experimental and computational methods come together to solve engineering problems.

Contents

CONTENTS; 1. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS; 1.1 INTRODUCTION; 1.2 GASES. LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS; 1.3 METHODS OF DESCRIPTION; 1.4 DIMENSIONS AND UNIT SYTEMS; 1.5 PROBLEM SOLVING; 2. FLUID PROPERTIES; 2.1 INTRODUCTION; 2.2 MASS, WEIGHT AND DENSITY; 2.3 PRESSURE; 2.4 TEMPERATURE AND OTHER THERMAL PROPERTIES; 2.5 THE PERFECT GAS LAW; 2.6 BULK COMPRESSIBILITY MODULES; 2.7 VISCOSITY; 2.8 SURFACE TENSION; 2.9 FLUID ENERGY; 3. CASE STUDIES IN FLUID MECHANICS; 3.1 INTRODUCTION; 3.2 COMMON DIMENSIONLESS GROUPS; 3.3 CASE STUDIES; 4. FLUID FORCES; 4.1 INTRODUCTION; 4.2 CLASSIFICATION OF FLUID FORCES; 4.3 THE ORGINS OF BODY AND SURFACE FORCES; 4.4 BODY FORCES; 4.5 SURFACE FORCES; 4.6 STRESS IN A FLUID; 4.7 FORCES BALANCE IN A FLUID; 5. FLUID STATICS; 5.1 INTRODUCTION; 5.2 HYDROSTATIC STRESS; 5.3 HYDROSTATIC EQUATION; 5.4 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION; 5.5 HYDROSTATIC FORCE; 5.6 HYDROSTATIC MOMENT; 5.7 RESULTANT FORCE AND POINT OF APPLICATION; 5.8 BUOYANCY AND ARCHIMEDES; 5.9 EQUILIBRIUM AND STABILITY OF IMMERSEED BODIES; 6. THE VELOCITY FIELD AND FLUID TRANSPORT; 6.1 INTRODUCTION; 6.2 THE FLUID VELOCITY FIELD; 6.3 FLUID ACCELERATION; 6.4 THE SUBSTANTIAL DERIVATIVE; 6.5 CLASSIFICATION OF FLOWS; 6.6 NO-SLIP, NO-PENETRATION BOUNDARY CONDITION; 6.7 FLUID TRANSPORT; 6.8 AVERAGE VELOCITY AND FLOWRATE; 7.0 CONTROL VOLUME ANALYSIS; 7.1 INTRODUCTION; 7.2 BASIC CONCEPTS: SYSTEM AND CONTROL VOLUME; 7.3 SYSTEM AND CONTROL VOLUME ANALYSIS; 7.4 REYNOLDS TRANSPORT THEOREM FOR A SYSTEM; 7.5 REYNOLDS TRANSPORT THEOREM FOR A CONTROL VOLUME; 7.6 CONTROL VOLUME ANALYSIS; 8. FLOW OF AN INVICID FLUID: THE BERNOULLI EQUATION; 8.1 INTRODUCTION; 8.2 FRICTION FLOW ALONG A STREAMLINE; 8.3 BERNOULLI EQUATION; 8.4 STATIC, DYNAMIC, STAGNATION AND TOTAL PRESSURE; 8.5 APPLICATIONS OF THE BERNOULLI EQUATION; 8.6 RELATIONSHIP TO THE ENERGY EQUATION; 9. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND SIMILITUDE; 9.1 INTRODUCTION; 9.2 BUCKINGHAM PI THEOREM; 9.3 REPEATING VARIABLES METHOD; 9.4 SIMILITUDE AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT; 9.5 CORRELATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA; 9.6 APPLICATION TO CASE STUDIES; 10. ELEMENTS OF FLOW VISUALISATION AND FLOW STRUCTURE; 10.1 INTRODUCTION; 10.2 LAGRANGIAN KINEMATICS; 10.3 THE EULERIAN-LANGRANGIAN CONNECTION; 10.4 MATERIAL LINES, SURFACES AND VOLUMES; 10.5 PATHLINES AND STREAKLINES; 10.6 STREAMLINES AND STREAMTUBES; 10.7 MOTION AND DEFORMATION; 10.8 VELOCITY; 10.9 RATE OF ROTATION; 10.10 RATE OF EXPANSION; 10.11 RATE OF SHEAR DEFORMATION; 11. GOVERNING EQUATIONS OF FLUID DYNAMICS; 11.1 INTRODUCTION; 11.2 CONTINUITY EQUATION; 11.3 MOMENTUM EQUATION; 11.4 CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR A NEWTONIAN FLUID; 11.5 NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; 11.6 EULER EQUATIONS; 11.7 ENERGY EQUATION; 11.8 DISCUSSION; 12. ANALYSIS OF INCOMPRESSIVE FLOW; 12.1 INTRODUCTION; 12.2 STEADY VISCOUS FLOW; 12.3 UNSTEADY VISCOUS FLOW; 12.4 TURBULENT; 12.5 INVISCID IRROTATIONAL FLOW; 13. FLOW IN PIPES AND DUCTS; 13.1 INTRODUCTION; 13.2 STEADY FULLY DEVELOPED FLOW IN A PIPE OR DUCT; 13.3 ANALYSIS OF FLOW IN SINGLE PATH PIPE AND DUCT SYSTEMS; 13.4 ANALYSIS OF FLOW IN MULTIPLE PATH PIPE AND DUCT SYSTEMS; 13.5 ELEMENTS OF PIPE AND DUCT SYSTEMS DESIGN; 14. EXTERNAL FLOW; 14.1 INTRODUCTION; 14.2 BOUNDARY LAYERS: BASIC CONCEPTS; 14.3 DRAG: BASIC CONCEPTS; 14.4 DRAG COEFFICIENTS; 14.5 LIFE AND DRAG OF AIRFOILS; 15. OPEN CHANNEL FLOW; 15.1 INTRODUCTION; 15.2 BASIC CONCEPTS IN OPEN CHANNEL FLOW; 15.3 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FROUDE NUMBER; 15.4 ENERGY CONSERVATION IN OPEN CHANNEL FLOW; 15.5 FLOW IN A CHANNEL WITH UNIFORM DEPTH; 15.6 FLOW IN A CHANNEL WITH GRADUALLY-VARYING DEPTH; 15.7 FLOW UNDER A SLUICE GATE; 15.8 FLOW OVER A WEIR

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