The highly interesting Late Carboniferous-Early Permian paleo-ecosystem from Niederhausen (Saar-Nahe area, Rheinland-Pfalz, SW-Germany) is described and shown. However, on the Kasimovian/Gzhelian boundary (303.7 my years ± 1 my), in Europe, one finds a flourishing and all dominating conifer assemblage and also other plant-families like ferns (Todites and Scolecopteris), seed ferns (Peltaspermum), and Cycadophyta, which can be regarded as typical Permian and not Carboniferous. This strange plant association suggests that, apart from the dominating Carboniferous species, giant lycophyta and sphenopyhta jungles existed in the hinterland long before a much more aridity-adapted vegetation, which became dominant in the following million years and until the present day.
- Thomas Perner and Michael Wachtler: The Carboniferous-Permian (Gzhelian/Kasimovian) Flora from Niederhausen (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)
- Thomas Perner and Michael Wachtler: Lycophyta from the Carboniferous- Permian (Kasimovian/Gzhelian) Niederhausen-Flora (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)
- Thomas Perner: Sphenophyta from the Carboniferous-Permian (Kasimovian/ Gzhelian) Niederhausen Flora (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)
- Thomas Perner and Michael Wachtler: Pteridosperma from the Carboniferous-Permian (Kasimovian/Gzhelian) Niederhausen Flora (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)
- Thomas Perner and Michael Wachtler: Pteridophyta and Cycadophyta from the Carboniferous-Permian (Kasimovian/Gzhelian) Niederhausen Flora (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)
- Michael Wachtler: Protoconiferophyta from the Carboniferous-Permian (Kasimovian/Gzhelian) Niederhausen Flora (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)
- Thomas Perner: Wachtlerina bracteata a new conifer from the Carboniferous- Permian (Kasimovian/Gzhelian) Niederhausen Flora (Rheinland- Pfalz, Germany)
- Thomas Perner and Michael Wachtler: Seymourina niederhauseni a new conifer from the Carboniferous-Permian (Kasimovian/Gzhelian) Niederhausen Flora (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)
- Michael Wachtler: The latest Artinskian/Kungurian (Early Permian) Flora from Tregiovo-Le Fraine in the Val di Non (Trentino, Northern Italy) - Additional and revised edition
- Thomas Perner: Some Enigmatic Plant Fossil From The Artinskian/ Kungurian (Early Permian) Flora At Tregiovo (Trentino, Northern Italy)
- Michael Wachtler: Early Permian Floras in an enlarged context