Based on a review of materials kept in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute of St. Petersburg, Russia, this work is part of a series expected to be a 20-volume full taxonomic account of plants of the Central Asian floristic region of Mongolia and China. This volume is dedicated to the genus Astralagus L. of the family Leguminosae, covering some 306 species. Keys to species are given under each subgenus and references to nomenclature, information on habitat, and geographic distribution are given under each species.