ZooKeys 591: A Revision of Chilicola (Heteroediscelis), a Subgenus of Xeromelissine Bees (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) Endemic to Chile Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Biogeography, with Descriptions of Eight New Species

About this book

Chilicola Spinola, 1851 (Hymenoptera, Colletidae, Xeromelissinae) is a diverse genus of small, stem-nesting bees found throughout Central and South America; its 98 species are grouped into 15 subgenera, one of which is here revised. The subgenus Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) Toro & Moldenke, 1979 is endemic to Chile, spanning a remarkable diversity of habitats: from the arid Atacama Desert in the north, to temperate rainforests in the south, and at elevations ranging 0-3210m a.s.l.

In this new paper, eight new species are described, and one of the ten existing species is synonymized, bringing the total within C. (Heteroediscelis) to seventeen. In addition to an integrative taxonomic revision, this work includes identification keys for males and females, a phylogenetic analysis using morphology and molecular data, a summary of diagnostic base pair substitutions (CO1), and a biogeographic analysis of species distributions. In all, this work is intended as a comprehensive and thorough reference on the topic of these interesting little bees.

Contents

Introduction   2
Methods   2
Taxonomy   2
Phylogenetic analysis   5
Biogeography   7
Results   7
Taxonomy   7
Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) Toro & Moldenke, 1979   7
Keys to the species of Heteroediscelis   9
Species descriptions   29
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) mantagua Toro & Moldenke, 1979   29
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) charizard Monckton, sp. n.   34
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) curvapeligrosa Monckton, sp. n.   39
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) deserticola Toro & Moldenke, 1979   45
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) diaguita Toro & Moldenke, 1979   51
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) erithropoda Toro & Moldenke, 1979   56
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) guanicoe Monckton, sp. n.   61
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) katherinae Monckton, sp. n.   66
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) lickana Monckton, sp. n.   71
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) mavida Toro & Moldenke, 1979   76
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) mayu Monckton, sp. n.   81
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) neffi Toro & Moldenke, 1979   85
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) packeri Monckton, sp. n.   91
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) randolphi Monckton, sp. n.   96
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) travesia Toro & Moldenke, 1979   101
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) vicugna Toro & Moldenke, 1979   106
      Chilicola (Heteroediscelis) vina Toro & Moldenke, 1979   112
Phylogenetic analysis   119
Biogeography   123
Discussion   126
Taxonomy   126
DNA Barcodes   126
Phylogeny and biogeography   127
Acknowledgements   130
References   131

Appendix 1   135
      List of characters   135
Appendix 2   139
      Data matrix   139
Appendix 3   142
      Non-redundant linear coding   142

Supplementary material 1   144
Supplementary material 2   144
Supplementary material 3   144

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